表示的级

Aiming at OQL, we treated type as monoid (collection monoid and primitive monoid), and used monoid comprehension as OQL's intermediate representation. Therefore we can merge the rewrite rules for a number of collection types, then employ monoid comprehension in defining algebraic operators, as cut out the limit that in relational algebra/calculus algebraic operators are only for set.

针对ODMG-2.0的对象查询语言OQL，我们把类型提高到幺群级，然后从幺群概括入手，用幺群概括作为OQL的查询中间表示，统一了多种聚集类型的重写规则，幺群概括还被我们用于定义代数操作符，这使得代数操作符突破了关系代数/演算中只针对集合的局限。

Then the brutal minions of the law fell upon the hapless Toad; loaded him with chains, and dragged him from the Court House, shrieking, praying, protesting; across the marketplace, where the playful populace, always as severe upon detected crime as they are sympathetic and helpful when one is merely 'wanted,' assailed him with jeers, carrots, and popular catch-words; past hooting school children, their innocent faces lit up with the pleasure they ever derive from the sight of a gentleman in difficulties; across the hollow-sounding drawbridge, below the spiky portcullis, under the frowning archway of the grim old castle, whose ancient towers soared high overhead; past guardrooms full of grinning soldiery off duty, past sentries who coughed in a horrid, sarcastic way, because that is as much as a sentry on his post dare do to show his contempt and abhorrence of crime; up time-worn winding stairs, past men-at-arms in casquet and corselet of steel, darting threatening looks through their vizards; across courtyards, where mastiffs strained at their leash and pawed the air to get at him; past ancient warders, their halberds leant against the wall, dozing over a pasty and a flagon of brown ale; on and on, past the rack-chamber and the thumbscrew-room, past the turning that led to the private scaffold, till they reached the door of the grimmest dungeon that lay in the heart of the innermost keep.

随后，粗暴的狱吏们扑向倒霉的蟾蜍，给他戴上镣铐，拖出法庭。他一路尖叫，祈求，抗议。他被拖着经过市场。市场上那些游手好闲的公众，对通缉犯向来都表同情和提供援助，而对已确认的罪犯则向来是疾言厉色。他们纷纷向他投来嘲骂，扔胡萝卜，喊口号。他被拖着经过起哄的学童，他们每看到一位绅士陷入困境，天真的小脸上就露出喜滋滋的神色。他被拖着走过轧轧作响的吊桥，穿过布满铁钉的铁闸门，钻过狰狞的古堡里阴森可怖的拱道，古堡上的塔楼高耸入云；穿过挤满了下班士兵的警卫室，他们冲他咧嘴狞笑；经过发出嘲弄的咳嗽的哨兵，因为当班的哨兵只许这样来表示他们对罪犯的轻蔑和嫌恶；走上一段转弯抹角的古老石级，经过身着钢盔铁甲的武士，他们从盔里射出恐吓的目光；穿过院子，院里凶恶的猛犬把皮带绷得紧紧的，爪子向空中乱抓，要向他扑过来；经过年老的狱卒，他们把兵器斜靠在墙上，对着一个肉馅饼和一罐棕色的麦酒打瞌睡；走呀走呀，走过拉肢拷问室，夹指室，走过通向秘密断头台的拐角，一直走到监狱最深处那间最阴森的地牢门前。

The shape information of surveillance objects is represented as macro-block coordinates. The temporal redundancy is eliminated by motion estimation within the surveillance region in the reference frame. Since the number of luminance levels is reduced due to enhancement process, the residual error of motion estimation is compressed with lossless entropy coding.

监控对象的形状信息表示为宏块坐标；监控对象之间的时间冗余通过运动估计来消除，但搜索范围限制在前一帧监控对象区域之内；由于增强处理使得监控区域的灰度级减少了，所以对运动估计的残差进行无损熵编码。

Wang Zhong serves as the main participator that plans at that time, mention at the outset deploy expresses when the original intention of this strategy:"As a result of 2004 when IT " in the winter " just go, the urban market that we analyse China is opposite for degree of saturation is taller, but degree of saturation of 56 class market is lower, market space is very large, industry of as it happens has an opportunity at that time is AMD drop product value substantially, rolled out the product of the introductory class of low end, so we develop such rising market with respect to organic meeting, have a faster growth space in order to allow the business that future associates, actually these rural markets still are in the bud phase that just starts at that time, we have a product to be able to rise prize of this share market, have so such " oneiromancy plans " consideration."

王忠作为当时计划的主要参与者，提到当初部署这项战略的初衷时表示："由于2004年的时候IT"冬天"刚刚过去，我们分析中国的城市市场相对来说饱和度比较高，但是五六级市场饱和度比较低，市场空间非常大，当时正好业界有一个机会就是AMD把产品价格大幅度下降，推出了低端的入门级的产品，所以我们就有机会开拓这样的新兴市场，以让未来联想的业务有一个更快速的增长空间，实际上当时这些农村市场还是处于刚刚启动的萌发阶段，我们有产品就可以把这部分市场撬动起来，所以就有这样的"圆梦计划"的考虑。"

Take this as an example: I played a game on emperor level and got a good start, I wiped out my neighbor, then another neighbor. But during that time an AI "tech whore partnership" of Elizabeth and Roosevelt had teched to the end of the tech tree while I was really nowhere near it, the warmongering, despite being successful, had slowed me down.

我在标准AI下玩一局皇帝级的游戏，我有一个很好的开局位置，于是我开战，然后消灭了我的一个邻居，之后是另一个，但是在我战争的过程中，AI的"科技伙伴"（原文是whore，表示AI之间不要脸的疯狂交换科技）不断交换科技，最终发射了太空飞船，使我的战争策略成为了失败的策略。

Some methods aiming at the two problems have been researched. First, the optimal number of ATE site can be calculated based on a cost model of DAT-ATE. Second, the problem of test schedule which is equitant with two-dimensional Bin-Packing problem is presented. Then a TCG denotation satisfied with T-admissible rule is more convenient for combinational optimization. With Simulated annealing algorithm, better test scheduling results can be achieved; but there is no great optimization space because the efficiency of scheduling is greater than 90%. Third, A novel test compression method——Multi-capture testing is proposed to compress the stimuli. And the ATPG results show that MC achieves high compression ratio which is greater than 90% in some large-scale circuits. MISR, widely used in LBIST, is employed to compress the responses. The aliasing analysis demonstrates that the fault coverage reduction is little due to the existence of aliasing. Fourth, an improved TIC (called S-TIC) aiming at structured test is proposed based on ARM's TIC. A MC scheduling algorithm is proposed to compute the SoC test time and combine MC vectors to SoC test vectors. The scheduling results shows that test time is greatly reduced when using the proper scheduling priority.

首先，给出了低成本ATE的成本模型，根据此模型得到最低测试成本时系统级测试调度的基本参数——测试Site数；其次，本文将DAT-Scan方式的SoC测试调度等价为两维BP问题，为有效地求解该问题，将该BP问题表示为TCG图并通过模拟退火算法解决其求解过于复杂的问题，调度的结果表明该方法在测试时间上有一定改善，并指出DAT-Scan测试调度效率已经大于90％，进一步优化的空间较小；第三，本文尝试通过测试压缩来解决激励所需的测试带宽，提出了Multi-capture结构并解决了MC测试过程中的&矢量&退化问题，MC测试的ATPG结果表明其测试压缩率很高（大电路接近90％）；第四，在激励获得很高压缩比的情况下，测试响应也需压缩，本文采用LBIST中常用的MISR作为MC测试的响应压缩电路，理论分析和实验结果都证明了MC测试的别名对故障覆盖率影响较小（小于2％），并对两类别名的成因做了具体分析；第五，在MC测试及其响应压缩的基础上，本文改进了ARM公司的测试控制器TIC使之适合于MC测试，为了解决MC测试矢量合成问题，本文抽取了MC测试模型，通过固定优先级的MC测试调度模拟将MC矢量合成为ATE矢量，并模拟出了总的MC测试时间。

Provided is a wafer level CSP semiconductor device with the same size as a semiconductor substrate, in which the orientation of a semiconductor device cut into individual pieces and product information can be identified by a mark, indicating the orientation and the product information formable, irrespective of the size, shape and the number of terminals of the device without increasing the number of manufacturing processes, and its manufacturing method.

本发明提供一种在与半导体衬底尺寸相同的晶片级CSP半导体器件领域中，能够利用表示半导体器件的方向及产品信息的标记，来识别被切成单个的半导体器件的方向及产品信息的半导体器件及其制造方法，其中，该标记能够在与半导体器件尺寸、形状及端子数目无关，且在不增加制造工序数目的情况下形成。

The result pointed out that the vertical distribution of foliage for each species was different,however,generally speaking,the foliage in upper crown (0.3CL) for broad-leaved species in natural secondary forest took a small percentage,about 10%;in middle or middle lower of the crown(0.4CL to 0.8CL) the branches here took the majority percentage of whole foliage,almost 60%to 75%;but in lower crown(0.8CL),there was about 10%of whole foliage.(5)The interspecies competition of trees in secondary forest was expressed by Hegyi competitioin index,and the active competitor was calculated by the competition zone radius and the tree position,DBH,and distance in the zone,it was not all competitors in tranditional calculation.The study introduced crown area overlap index to describe the crown competition between subject tree and its competitors,furthermore,the crown area was classified into 5 levels with a method of equal crown projection area,therefor,the resulting crown area overlap index showed more realities of existing stand conditons.(6)Based on the theoretics of multiply divide,the spatial strcture optimizing model of secondary forest stand selective thinning was developed by diversity mingling,aggregation index,competition index and crown area overlap index,also designed 10 constraint conditions which were related to forestry meanings,the objective function was solved by the implicit enumeration method with LINGO 9.0,using 0-1 integer programming.

并且得出，每个树种在树冠内相对高度上的叶量的垂直分布是不同的，天然次生林阔叶树种的叶量在树冠的上部(0.3CL以下)所占比例很小，约占10%左右；在树冠的中部以及中下部(0.4CL～0.8CL)，叶量所占比例最大，几乎集中了整个树冠60%～75%的叶量；而在树冠的下部(0.8CL以下)，几乎占很少的叶量，大约10%左右。5、采用Hegyi竞争指数来表现次生林内林木的竞争关系，并且根据竞争圈的大小和林木在竞争圈内的分布位置、大小与距离来计算有效的竞争木，并不是传统意义上的全部竞争木；本研究提出用树冠叠加指数来表示林木与周围树木的树冠竞争情况，并采用等树冠投影面积法把树冠分为5级，这样计算的树冠叠加指数更加与现实林分相符。6、本研究基于乘除法的思想，用多样性混交度、聚集指数、竞争指数和树冠叠加指数构建了天然次生林择伐空间优化模型，设计了10个与林学意义相一致的约束条件，并采用0-1整数规划的思路，在LINGO9.0软件中使用了隐枚举法对目标函数求得最优解。7、以M702标准地为应用实例，具体计算出了每株采伐木，经过择伐后，目标函数值按模型设计的要求发生了极大的改变，增加了5倍多，说明了最后这个解的优良性，满足了设计的要求。

On the basis of analyzing the oscillatory frequency of crystal oscillator , the general expression of the frequency deviation of crystal frequency modulation oscillator is de rived .

本文在分析晶体调频振荡器振荡频率的基础上，得出了晶体调频振荡器频偏的一般表示式，最佳负载条件下的频偏设计公式和调制级有电流串联负反馈时的频偏设计关系式。

To avoid the collision accidents of ships at sea, with the universalizing and application of computer, and the development and maturity of the technology of Expert System and Artificial Intelligent, this paper developed an intelligent collision avoidance expert system for navigation. The main research work centers on several aspects, which will be represented as below:By the navigation rules" understanding and analyzing, and by the navigation experience and navigation samples" collecting and trimming, we put forth and build a multi-unit and layering KB systematic structure, and implement the KBM. According to features of different knowledge, we adopt multifarious KR, such as: frame KR, production rule KR, procedure KR. We also build a multi-inference system, which based on analog inference, forward illation inference, conversion inference and meta-rule inference. At the same time, we develop each reasoning algorithm. For some problems in collision avoidance region during the building of the expert system, we put forth and build a set of models to solve them using neural network technology.

为了避免船舶间碰撞事故的发生，结合计算机技术在各类船舶中的普及与应用、专家系统技术及人工智能技术的发展、成熟，本文研制、开发了一种具有一定智能的航海避碰专家系统，主要内容包括以下几个方面：通过对航海规则的理解与分析，对航海经验、航海实例的搜集、整理，提出并建立起了航海避碰专家系统的多元分层知识库体系结构，并实现了知识库的管理；根据不同知识的特点，分别采用了框架、产生式规则、过程等多种知识表示方法；提出了一种基于类比推理、正向演绎推理、换位推理及元级推理等的多种推理机制，并建立起了相应的推理算法；引入神经网络技术，针对在建立专家系统过程中所遇到的有关避碰领域内的一些难题，提出并建立了相应解决问题的模型，其中包括：船舶类型的识别，会遇态势的分类及避碰危险的评估。

Since historical times,England ,where the early inhabitants were Celts, has been conquered three times .

从有历史以来，英国，在此地早期居住的是凯尔特人，已经被征服了三次。

Bluetooth OBEX File Transfer Enables the sending and receiving of files on your phone via Bluetooth.

蓝牙OBEX文件移动允许经过蓝牙传送和接受文件。。。。