蛋白质

Methods Tissue culture was used to study the cataractous lenses of rats induced by sodium selenite or galactose. At the early stage, the content of nonprotein sulfhydryl, protein sulfhydryl, non-soluble disulfide bond, malonaldehyde and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase were measured in the cataractous lenses, and they were compared with that of the normal lenses. Results The two kinds of material could all induce cataract in rats, sodium selenite being more potent.

采用器官培养方法，以不同浓度亚硒酸钠及半乳糖作用于晶状体，诱发大鼠晶状体形成白内障，在培养初期测定晶状体内非蛋白质巯基（nonprotein sulfhydryl， NP-SH、蛋白质巯基（protein sulfhydryl ，P-SH）和不溶性蛋白质二硫键的含量，脂类过氧化水平，以及与谷胱甘肽代谢有关的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH peroxidase， GSH-PX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSH reductase， GSSG-R)及谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GSH S transferase， GSH-S)的活性。

The problem of protein folding is to predict the protein three-dimensional structure from its one-dimensional structure.

蛋白质的折叠问题就是通过蛋白质的一级结构来预测蛋白质的三维结构。

As a result of the difference on protein quality, if cotton dregses of rice with the beans,not be two kinds of any raw material, unit protein uses value to the raise of the animal identical, use Pi Texun method consequently the appropriate price of the raw material that with respect to meeting overmeasure protein character needs.

由于蛋白质质量上的差异，并不是任何两种原料如棉粕与豆粕，单位蛋白质对动物的饲用价值完全相同，因而采用皮特逊法就会高估蛋白质品质差的原料的适宜价格。

Although the intact-receptor based biosensors of the maxillary palp of cockroach Periplaneta Americana are not yet practical analytical devices at present. Yet, sensitive and selective responses to biomolecules involving amino acids and protein, as well as some simple substance such as salts and sugars have been firstly obtained. It is already evident that receptor based biosensors are enormously superior to isolated receptor biosensors in terms of response time and recovery times, thus, the intact receptor biosensor worth of further investigation and development.

总而言之，本论文首次从电生理信号上对美洲蜚蠊下颚须的化学响应进行研究，初步探讨了基于美洲蜚蠊下颚须的整合受体生物传感器的特性；发现了美洲蜚蠊下颚须能够整合其密集的感觉毛阵列对化学刺激的响应；得到了蜚蠊对氨基酸和蛋白质等生物分子以及简单物质如盐和糖等的敏感而具有选择性的响应信号，并发现了糖和蛋白质的特殊响应信号；表明了美洲蜚蠊下颚须是一种新型整合受体生物传感器的敏感材料，进一步深入地研究信号波形及其整合原理、探寻糖和蛋白质的特殊受体细胞等，对这一类型整合受体传感器的研究发展是很有意义的。

It was found that peanut oil extraction rate and peanut protein production were greatly improved by using an enzyme complex containing cellulase, pectase together with protease to treat the ground peanut seeds in the process of aqueous oil extraction. The optimum parameters for enzyme treatment were addition of 0.3% complex cellulose, and reaction at pH 6.4, 49℃ for 4 h.

对花生采用水相酶解法制油与蛋白质提取，与水剂法相比能显著提高油及蛋白质得率；在对不同的酶对比使用后发现，使用包含纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶的复合酶效果比单一酶好；经优化实验得出酶处理的最适参数为：加酶量0.3%，酶反应时间4h、pH6.4、温度49℃，此条件下，花生油及花生蛋白质得率可分别达95.4%和74.6%。

The E. coli ClpQY is an ATP-dependent protease that consists of an ATPase large subunit and a peptidase small subunit. The function of ClpQY protease is as a chaperon in refolding of misfolded peptides and as a protease to catalyse the degradation of abnormal proteins as well.

大肠杆菌ClpQY是一个ATP依赖的蛋白酶，ClpQY蛋白酶包含了具ATPase活性的大蛋白分子和一个小分子的peptidase，ClpQY蛋白酶作为一伴随蛋白质扮演分解错误摺叠的蛋白质，也为一催化分解不正常的蛋白质的蛋白酶角色。

We report here the setting up of comprehensive phosphoprotein analysis methods based on the combination of affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry. And we also report the phosphoproteomics analysis of membrane proteins from human fetal liver.

本论文的工作包括基于亲和提取和生物质谱的磷酸化蛋白质分析方法的建立，以及规模化磷酸化蛋白质分析技术在人胎肝磷酸化蛋白质组研究中的应用。

Protease treatment of the plasma membranes could abolish the binding but NaIO_4 and glycosidase could not, indicating that nsLTP144 bound to plasma membranes protein without carbohydrate moiety. Using the homobifunctional cross-linking regent bissuberate (BS~3) and rice plasma membranes incubated with ~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144, we identified, after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, a putative protein receptor on the rice plasma membranes with the molecular mass around 60 kDa. NsLTP144 can not trigger extracelluar alkalization in arabidopsis, but can abolish the extracellular alkalization effect of phytopathogen elicitor cryptogein, suggesting that cryptogein and nsLTP144 may bind to the same membrane protein. In vitro pull-down assay showed that nsLTP144 interacted with OsCaM1, a possible extracellular calmodulin, implying that nsLTP144 and OsCaM1 could function in the same signal transduction pathway. These results shed light on revealing the roles of nsLTP in vivo and make it promising to finally characterize the plasma membranes receptor of nsLTP.

发现~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144、~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP110与水稻细胞质膜均具有特异性结合，而且结合是饱和性的、可被竞争的，符合配体-受体结合的典型特征，同时用于对照实验的蛋白质~(125)I-Thioredoxin没有此特性，表明水稻细胞质膜上存在nsLTP的受体；利用可氧化糖基的NaIO_4和水解糖基的N\'-糖苷酶F处理水稻细胞质膜，再进行结合实验，结合活性几乎不受影响；而利用胰蛋白酶处理细胞膜则使得结合能力几乎完全丧失，表明其受体为没有经过糖基化修饰的蛋白质；利用交联剂BS~3交联配体一受体后，再进行SDS-PAGE分离和放射自显影，结果显示水稻细胞质膜上的nsLTP受体中有一个60kDa的蛋白质可以与nsLTP144发生特异性的结合，可能是其受体；细胞外碱化实验表明，nsLTP144不能促使拟南芥原生质体细胞培养液的细胞外碱化反应，却能猝灭来自植物病原菌的激发子Cryptogein刺激拟南芥原生质体产生的细胞外碱化反应，表明nsLTP和Cryptogein结合细胞膜上相同的位点，保护了植物细胞免受Cryptogein导致的细胞程序性死亡，并诱导系统获得性抗性的产生；体外Pull-down实验表明，nsLTP144和水稻的OsCaM1具有相互作用，暗示了nsLTP144和OsCaM1可能同在一个信号通路上起作用。

Protein is the production of gene expression and tumor is believed to be a disease of proteins'pitfall.

蛋白质是基因表达的产物，而肿瘤性疾病从蛋白质的角度看，是一种蛋白质缺陷病，其发生过程中有多种蛋白质会发生异常变化。

However, none of current molecular mechanical force fields can exactly treat the polarization effects in protein-protein and protein-ligand binding, even for polarizable force fields.

然而，目前还没有任何一种分子力学力场能够处理蛋白质和蛋白质或者蛋白质和配体之间的极化效应。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。