花托

Aggregate fruit globose or cylindric; achenes 10 to numerous, spirally attached to elongated receptacle, with 2 hard hollow protuberances at base; style persistent, forming flattened spinelike beak.

聚合果球状的或圆筒状；瘦果10 到许多，螺旋地着生于延长的花托，具2硬中空的突起在基部；花柱宿存，形成扁平具喙。

According to this initiatial and developmental pattern, it is reasonable to interpret the disc as a part of the androecium rather than a modification of the receptacle.

由此，花盘显然不是花托的一部分，也不是象花萼、雄蕊和心皮一样的独立结构，将其解释为雄蕊群的一部分更合理。

Hypogyny The simple arrangement of flower parts in which the receptacle is expanded at the top of the pedicel in such a way that the androecium and the perianth arise from beneath the gynoecium giving a superior ovary.

下位式：是花的各部分位置的一种排列方式。花梗顶端的花托膨大，因此雄蕊和花被处于雌蕊的下方并使子房位于上方。

By observing and analyzing 3D structure of apple flower and inflorescence, we raised the 3D structure mathematical model of anthocaulus, receptacle, calyx, petal, androecium and pistil. At the same time, we get model parameter, integrate the apple flower and inflorescence topology structure information, reconstructed 3D structure of apple flower and inflorescence.

通过对苹果花及花序形态结构的观测分析，分别提出了描述花柄、花托、花萼、花瓣、雄蕊和雌蕊三维形态结构的数学模型，并提取了模型的控制参数；进一步整合苹果花及花序的拓扑结构信息，实现了苹果花及花序的三维重建。

Firstly, mathematical models for describing the 3D structure of anthocaulus, receptacle, calyx, petal, androecium and pistil are proposed basing on observing and analyzing the 3D structure of apple flower and inflorescence. At the same time, parameters for controlling these models are extracted. Secondly, the reconstruction of 3D structure of apple flower and inflorescence is implemented by integrating its topological structure information.

通过对苹果花及花序形态结构的观测分析，分别提出了描述花柄、花托、花萼、花瓣、雄蕊和雌蕊三维形态结构的数学模型，并提取了模型的控制参数；进一步整合苹果花及花序的拓扑结构信息，实现了苹果花及花序的三维重建。

Epigyny The type of flower structure in which the perianth and androecium are inserted above the gynoecium, giving an inferior ovary, fused with the receptacle.

上位式：指花被和雄蕊群着生于雌蕊群之上的花的结构类型。子房在下方，与花托融合。

Carpels free, 1-5, on flat receptacle; ovules 2 to numerous per carpel.

心皮离生，1-5，在平的花托上；胚珠2到许多每心皮。

Carpels numerous, spirally arranged on a convex receptacle; ovule 1 per carpel, erect.

心皮多数，在一个凸的花托上螺旋状排列；胚珠1 每心皮，直立。

The chaffy scales on the receptacle of a flower head in a plant of the composite family, as the sunflower .

托苞在菊科植物，如向日葵中，承托盘花的花托上的一种膜质鳞片

The chaffy scales on the receptacle of a flower head in a plant of the composite family,as the sun flower .

托苞在菊科植物，如向日葵中，承托盘花的花托上的一种膜质鳞片

In this paper, the requirement analysis, design and implementation of the system are introduced in detail.

此论文详细介绍了系统的需求分析，系统设计和具体实现。

In the context of economic globalization is increasingly deepening, China's economy can not be spared.

在经济全球化日益加深的背景下，中国经济不可能做到独善其身。