自顶向下

Upstream incision of rivers led to westward motion of boundary between internally and externally drained regions and disappearance of paleo-lakes in Quaternary, and Quaternary incision of external rivers gradually formed present topography characterized by deep valleys, high mountains and remained peneplain in eastern Tibetan Plateau.

中新世晚期-第四纪以湖面与五道梁群湖相沉积顶面为基准，在高海拔环境下继续发生剥蚀夷平和准平原化，逐步形成主夷平面或高原面。第四纪河流溯源侵蚀导致内外流水系分界线自东向西迁移，在青藏高原东部形成高山峡谷地貌。

The main characteristics include: the quiet Sun corona has a rapid response to the flare heating, within 2 second the corona temperature increases nearly one order of magnitude, but later such increase becomes very slowly; the downward velocity at early stage of impulsive phase is too small to be negnected; chromospheric evaporation made by conduction shows some intensely, the maximum evaporated velocity may be as large as 1000 km/s; the chromospheric condensation appears just when the chromospheric evaporation takes place and its place always coincide with that of transition region in the early stage; the maximum of chromospheric condensation occurs also in the early stage of impulsive phase, at which the density in condensation may be larger two order of magnitude than that of surround and the downward velocity may be as large as 100 km/s; after the maximum of chromospheric condensation, its strongth decreases gradually but its width becomes greater with time and have a tendency to transport into deep chromosphere; the front of chromospheric condensation heats atmosphere obviously and the temperature in the chromospheric condensation is higher than the original case; the downware velocity of transition region may be greater than 100 km/s at the early stage; when the evaporated material collide at the top of loop, the densityand the presure there increase rapidly, which result in the formation of a shock wave; and so on.

在改善色球辐射损失和精确分辨过渡区的基础上，通过联立求解连续性方程、动量方程和能量方程，构造了一维磁限制性耀斑环在热沉积作用下的大气动力学模型，获得了耀斑热模型下脉冲相早期较为细致的大气演化理论图象，其主要特征是：耀斑对宁静日冕的加热相当迅速，仅2秒钟日冕温度增加即达一个量级，之后日冕温度增加缓慢；脉冲相早期日冕向下速度很小，几乎可以忽略，热传导驱动色球蒸发，其过程较为激烈，蒸发极大速度可达到1000km/s；色球压缩区与色球蒸发几乎同时形成，且在早期其位置总是与过渡区位置重合；色球压缩极大发生在脉冲相早期，其时密度可高于周围约2个量级，向下速度可超过100km/s；色球压缩极大后，其强度逐渐减弱，但宽度明显增大，且渐渐脱离过渡区往色球传播；压缩区内物质温度要高于原先的大气温度；过渡区下降在脉冲相早期相当迅速，可超过100km/s；当蒸发物质在环顶高速相碰时，环顶的密度、压力迅速增大，且温度也有所增加，导致形成激波，其波面以每秒上百公里的速度自环顶向下传播；在脉冲相前期，日冕软x辐射对色球的加热作用可以忽略；等。

The FLEX decoder designed in this paper includes the physical layer block, the date link layer block, the BCH decoder and the SPI interface circuit.

该设计采用自顶向下的设计方法，对FLEX解码系统进行功能层次上的划分，系统主要包括：物理层处理模块，数据链路层处理模块，解码及纠错模块，以及数据接收和发送模块。

The most sensitive part to K ftertilization was in the mid-upper midrib at low positions. The relative value of K content, expressed by Vm/Im, in the midrib between 5th and 1st leaves from top, was used for evaluating the K nutrient status of banana. The sampling part was in the connective zone between midrib and blade.

明确了采用自顶向下计第5叶和第1叶叶脉含钾的比值，来评价香蕉的钾素营养状况；叶脉采样的代表部位为叶片与叶主脉的连接带和采用混合样分析的可行性。

By using the UG top down assembly modeling technology,and optimizing the design parameters of extrusion die for pipe products,the parameters SQL database of extrusion dies was established.Microsoft Visual Studio.net 2003 MFC was chosen as the development platform of the system,and an intelligent parametric design system of extrusion dies based on UG was designed,which can automatically generate 3D extrusion die assembly parts and graphics.

应用UG自顶向下的装配建模技术，对挤出模头进行参数化设计，建立智能挤出模头参数SQL数据库，采用Microsoft Visual Studio 。net 2003环境进行MFC编程，构建一个基于UG的管材挤出模头智能参数化设计系统，在UG中自动生成三维挤出模头零件和装配图。

The paper gives a overall of the current situation of the development of drill pipe power tongs in well at home and abroad at first, given the manufacture techonology.

本文运用的基于自顶向下设计思想进行参数化设计的方法，现已完成了&钻杆动力钳系列产品开发&的项目。

The design was started from the top, according to the function, it divides into four sections: Loses the human electric circuit, the keyboard and display circuit, the control and storage circuit and the output circuit.

设计中采用自顶向下的方法，把系统电路按功能划分为四个模块：输入电路、键盘和显示电路、控制和存储电路以及输出电路。

However, both physical constraints and economics are expected to limit continued miniaturisation of electronic and optical devices by using current "top-down" lithography-based methods.

然而，物理系统规定参数和经济学均被期望限制继续电子产品和光学装置的通过现行的自顶向下基于晶片光刻的方法的小型化。

And then the spatial predicates,possibly used in SDMKD from GIS,are analyzed and listed.Subsequently,the formal expression of spatial assoc...

从G IS数据库中挖掘空间关联规则的主要问题是多层、多关系的规则挖掘问题，不同专题图层不同空间对象之间空间谓词的高效计算与存储表达是解决问题的关键；把空间关系非空间化，将连续数据离散化，从而把求解问题转换成布尔型关联规则问题进行讨论，基于此而探讨了一种通过SJI-P表组织空间谓词，然后根据目标对象的概念层级自顶向下、逐层细化的空间关联规则挖掘方法。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。