符号

A new symbol-constrained joint source-channel decoding algorithm for VLCs is presented.By constructing double-tree VLCs sources,the propagation-error problem is evidently alleviated.Meanwhile,by applying symbol-constrained method to MAP algorithm,not only the a priori probability of VLCs sources is efficiently utilized,but also the Symbol Error Rate is reduced enormously.

提出了一种新的针对不等长编码信源的符号约束MAP联合译码算法，利用VLCs双树信源的构造方法，有效地抑制了VLCs的错误扩散；同时，通过将"符号约束"的思想应用于最大后验概率译码算法，不仅充分利用了信源先验信息，而且极大地降低了误符号率。

In an axiomatic system, the primitive symbols are undefined and all other symbols are defined in terms of them.

在任何公理系统中，基设符号都是不下定义的，其它所有符号都藉基设符号来界定。

Furthermore, she distinguished language symbol and feeling symbol on basic of Cassirer's theories.

对于卡西尔，朗格主要是继承了他用符号来规定人的本质的思想，并且在卡西尔的基础上，她更进一步地区分了语言符号和情感符号。

One of the most important issues of pulse position modulation for optical wireless communications is the receiver symbol synchronization subsystem, in this paper, the basic principle of symbol synchronization for PPM sequence is discussed, and the upper limit of exact synchronization probability for random PPM sequence is analyzed.

讨论了PPM序列的符号同步原理；在分析随机PPM序列的精确符号同步概率上限的基础上，给出了一种在PPM序列中插入同步信号来实现PPM精确符号同步的方案及其数字逻辑电路实现。

Taking the symbol as the product information carriers and basic elements, the symbol modeling realizes the information description with formalization, abstraction and integration, expresses the product design process with symbol model evolution, and offers the new theory and method for product development.

符号建模以设计对象符号作为产品信息的载体和建模基本元素，实现了信息的形式化、抽象化和集成化描述，通过符号模型的演变表达了产品的设计过程，为产品开发提供了一种新的理论和方法。

Right shifting an unsigned quantity always fits the vacated bits with zero. Right shifting a signed quantity will fill with bit signs ("arithmetic shift") on some machines and with 0-bits ("logical shift") on others.

在对unsigned类型的无符号值进行右移位时，左边空出的部分将用0填补；当对signed类型的带符号值进行右移时，某些机器将对左边空出的部分用符号位填补，而另一些机器则对左边空出的部分用0填补。

An effective algorithm is proposed, which is based on hard-decision for some specially received symbols far away from normal symbols on the constellation. Then according to the distance between received symbols and decoded symbols, the pseudo Log-Likelihood-Ratio is calculated, and taken as the pseudo initialization information for the next iteration.

该算法首先对接收符号星座图中特别奇异点进行硬判决&校正&，然后利用接收符号和译码判决符号在星座图中的距离，在每次迭代前计算符号的伪似然比，作为下次迭代的伪初始信息。

The paper designs a flow of work, in which the user reads symbolic library XML document from distributed symbolic library, manages these symbols by visualization management tool, saves all classes of symbols XML document fragment and transforms into SLD document, realizes interactive mapping by dint of integrated application between OGC SLD and OGC WMS.

设计了由从分布式符号库读取符号库XML文档并以利用可视化管理工具进行符号的管理，存储为各种符号XML文档片断转换为SLD文档，通过OGC SLD与OGC WMS的综合应用于交互制图的工作流程。

According to him, sign and symbol belong to different worlds: sign as one part of physical world and symbol as one part of cultural world; signs are operators while symbols are designators; signs are existence of physical substantiality while symbols have functional value.

在卡西尔看来，信号和符号是分属于两个不同的领域：信号是物理世界的一部分，符号是文化世界的一部分；信号是&操作者&；而符号是指称者。信号是物理实体性的存在，而符号具有功能性的价值。

Samuelson in《Foundations of Economic Analysis》,and main results related it before 1995 was summarized in《Matrices of sign-solvability of linear system》by R.A.

符号模式矩阵是组合矩阵中当前国际上十分活跃的一个研究课题，其重要原因之一是它在经济学，生物学，化学，社会学，计算机科学等众多学科中具有广泛的实际应用背景，符号模式矩阵的研究起于研究线性动力学系统–符号的可解性和符号的稳定性。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。