社会生活

the chinesesword, first known as weapon used on the battlefield, has been available for other uses other than military use alonesince the cavalryman didn't need to cut andstrike in wars as times went by.it functions as the limited transferring from the reward and power in emperors' hand, converts to enthusiasm of decoration representing the class, age and reflecting thesocialstatus in the ornamental band worn by nobles, deepens to the concepts of "three cutting-edges and four blades" in the hands of martial artists in terms of developing technologicalsystems of various ways and forming the performingstyle of"gong xing zui mian "aspecial way of performingsword posing as the regular , running, andsoft-typescript in chinese calligraphy, or as a drunk man trying to demonstrate the proficiency instriving for the balance in performance.

剑，首先从战场格杀进入人们视野，后来随着骑兵作战对砍劈的需要逐渐从军事前台退出，被人们移作他用。第一，进入社会生活的剑，在王者对剑"天下"和"军权"的新解读中，作为权力的象征和控制的对象，剑成为王者的赏赐之物和权力的有限让渡。第二，进入社会生活的剑，原先兵剑制作对硬度和韧性的考究，在达观贵族的佩带中转化装点的热情、形成"带剑"阶层和年龄的界定，并从不同装点和规定中折射社会地位。第三，进入社会生活的剑，兵剑实践形成的锋之刺、刃之斩技术，在武术人手中深化为"三锋四刃"的认识，建构了不同方法的技术系统，形成了"工行醉棉"演练体式；在大众手中成为砍病魔、挥心理阴影的健康道具。

The cyber has had profound influence s on a variety of fields of human civilization.It has not only transformed the social and economic structures but also changed our valu e,the mode of production,our life style and the way of competition and antago nism.It has helped to form a brand new space for social life———cyber en-vironment.Cyber re -creates civilization.

网络化对人类社会各个领域的深远是影响的，不仅改变了长期以来我们既有的社会经济结构，而且更重要的是改变了我们的价值观念、生产方式、工作方式、生活方式和竞争对抗方式，形成了全新的社会生活空间———网络环境，网络再造文明。

Ethos exists in the various fields and aspects of social life. It has an important impact on the development of society and people's production and life.

社会思潮存在于社会生活的各个领域和各个方面，对社会发展和人们的生产生活有着重要的影响。

The author firstly combs the teachers sources of Shuyuan in Ming and Qing dynasties, points out that there are four main sources for it, and concludes that making full use of social resources is a valid path to solve the problem of teachers sources then.Secondly, the present research consults Shuyuan teachers employment way in Ming and Qing dynasties, combs its three ways and deeply inquires into the subjective and objective condition for them.Thirdly, the present research analyses Shuyuan teaching characteristics, management and promotion, sums up seven main teaching characteristics and analyses the advantage and disadvantage of them,Further more , the present research consults Shuyuan teachers management and promotion, makes an analysis on its historic courses why it"s informal.Finally, the present research analyses the Shuyuan teachers" economic treatment, social status and the influence and effect made to the politics, economy, military, social life and cultural education where they were situated in Ming and Qing dynasties, and concludes that the Shuyuan teachers in Ming and Qing dynasties actively participated in the local social activities in their peculiar upper class gentlemanship and greatly influenced and promoted the policy making and carrying out of the local public affairs, meanwhile, they promoted the communication and development of local learning and culture , and trained quite many men for profession for the locals.

作者首先对明清时期书院教师的来源进行了梳理，指出了明清书院教师的四种主要来源，认为充分利用社会资源是明清书院解决教师来源的有效途径；其次，对明清时期书院教师的聘用方式进行了历史考察，梳理出明清时期书院存在着三种教师聘用方式，深入探讨了这三种方式并存的主客观条件；再次，对明清时期书院教师的教学特点进行了分析，归纳出七个主要教学特点，并说明其利弊；此外，探讨了明清时期书院教师的管理及升迁问题，分析了其存在的不规范性的历史原因；最后，剖析了明清时期书院教师的经济待遇、社会地位及对书院所在地的政治、经济、军事及社会生活与文化教育所可能产生的作用与影响，得出明清书院教师以自己特有的上层绅士身份与地位积极地参与到当地社会生活之中，并在相当程度上影响与促进了地方公共事务的决策与实施；同时，他们促进了当地学术及文化的交流与发展，为当地培养出了大批的杰出人才。

so-called thought political lesson teaching life turn is social activities,especially with student vitally related of life pierce through in thought political each link of the lesson teaching in,set free from lifelessly,the abstraction of the thought political the lesson teaching material the knowledge the student,provide feeling toward the student nature,society of opportunity,make student at rightness can close can the daily life of feeling,in with the reality the world of the exchanges and the dialogue creation to future life of pursue with passion,thus and self-movingly and actively obtain knowledge.

所谓思想政治课教学生活化是指将社会生活，特别是与学生息息相关的生活贯穿于思想政治课教学的每一环节之中，将学生从枯燥、抽象的思想政治课教材知识中解脱出来，向学生提供感受自然、社会的机会，使学生在对可亲可感的日常生活、在与现实世界的交流与对话中产生对未来生活的追求和热爱，从而自发地、主动地去获取知识。

But the morality is in principle not quantifiable and untestable speculation, few researchers investigate the practical research on relevant morality cognition. The research method employs Social Judgment Theory,(SJT, Hammond, 1975) to investigate that Kaohsiung city citizen think about multiple attributes relevant information to reflect morality cognition of fairness or careness in the everyday life. The aim is to prove the abstract concept of morality judgment, provide the base of empirical structure in the future study, and reflect individuality society structure state.

本研究以社会判断(Social Judgment Theory， SJT)为研究方法，探讨高雄市民众在日常生活运作中，必须同时考虑多个相关属性资讯，依本身价值体系直觉认知对於日常公、私事务作价值判断，成为日常生活最基本的现象，藉由道德认知代验证公平或关怀的抽象观，提供未道德研究的实证架构，以及从个体同的道德认知判断的结果反映所在社会生活域结构。

On one hand, titled as "Life that is being sold", it pays attention to people's inevitable reconstruction during the experiencing process in social life, which is as the ancient said "the wild gooses pass by leaving their trace". On the other hand, it is more important to play the game of "real illusion" via varies practices.

被贩卖的生活》一方面关注人在完成对社会生活的经历过程中不可避免地实现了对社会生活的改造，正如古人说过的&雁过留痕&；另一方面，更重要的是希望通过种种实践，与大家一起完成&真实的假象&的游戏。

Rice-growing culture is a culture which formed in a society of growing rice, that is to say, an integration of social activity and cultural life which were based on rice-growing .The culture not included only the techniques and its spread of rice-up growth-and-evolution, but various intellectual norms of civilian life style, religious custom, convenance, as well as cultural mentality, society and aesthetic ideal and so on, which people who grew rice have possessed.

所谓稻作文化即稻作农耕社会形成的文化，亦即因从事稻作生产而产生出来的有关社会生活的、精神生活的综合，它不仅包括有关水稻主体的产生、发展及稻作生产技术传播等一系列问题，而且还包括由稻作生产影响所及的民间生活方式、宗教民俗、礼仪，以及稻作民族特有的文化心态、社会道德、审美理想等诸多精神准则。

This dissertation observes the gentries' efforts on supporting family keeping local stability and showing charities by probing into a case.the three generations' family and social life in a historic situation in the early Qing Dynasty and also studies their colorful life styles to inquire into the historical changes of the attitudes towards the new state from hostility,revolt,acquiesce to cooperation and the social origins.

本文以宁都魏氏一门为个案，关注作为士人的魏氏祖孙三代在清初社会历史条件下的家庭生活和社会生活，考察他们在维持家庭生计、保持地方社会的稳定、匡时济世等方面作出的努力，探讨道德追求和社会责任对他们的影响，从而了解清初士人矛盾多变的生活方式，认识清初士人群体对新政权由敌视反抗到默认，继而到合作的历史转变及其社会根源。

The analysis focuses on the social context of witch-hunt including the living environment of Western Europe in sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (geographical and climatic factors), social life (economic change the political turbulence) and the mentality of early modern Europe (cosmology, death and self-reflection). In the second part, the author discusses the formation of Demonology and its contents.

着重分析引发巫术迫害这种独特的社会现象的社会背景，包括：16、17世纪西欧社会的生活环境、社会生活和西欧近代早期人们的心态(宇宙观、死亡观念以及对自我的态度)。

This is not an ordinary box, which is used as a background picture of the dialog box, very pretty.

详细说明：这可不是一个一般的对话框，它是用图片作为背景的对话框，非常好看。

Conceal me what I am,and be my aid for such disguise as haply shall become the form of my intent.

遮掩我的身份，帮助我，我的面具将成为我的目的。