确定因素

Research object of the paper is inverted pendu- lum control system based on the PCI—1710—B Multifunction Card of ADVANTECH Company.

倒立摆系统存在严重的不确定性，系统的参数的不确定性，不确定因素的干扰。

With the rapid development of science technology , the social environment changes at very fast speed. Uncertain factors and risks of construction engineering project are manifolding increasingly, in addition ,the risk management of construction engineering project has not method system for reference. During the process of project management ,most of people deal with things by right of their experiences. The scale of expense lead by risks is larger and larger.

随着科技的飞速发展和人们生活节奏的不断加快，社会环境瞬息万变，各建筑工程项目所涉及的不确定因素日益增多，面临的风险越来越多，再有我国的建筑工程项目风险管理没有一套完整的可供参考的方法体系，在建筑工程项目的管理过程中，大多数是凭自己的经验办事，风险所致损失规模也越来越大。

For the human uncertainty factor, analyze the reason and sort of human misplay.

对于人员不确定因素，分析了人员失误的原因和分类。

So, during the period of transformation acceleration, our focus on the change of the economic growth structure, the division of the scientific and technological resources factors and the complication of systematic environment of scientific and technological resources, our seeking for the macro-environment and realistic strong point of the scientific and technological development, our exploration of the intension of scientific and technological resource and the way of rational allocation, promotion of the scientific and technological progress and innovation in an all-round way, upgrade of the contributing power of science and technology to economic development, are very significant to dispel the uncertain factors of society transformation period effectively, form new norm of society reconstruction and ensure the steady transformation of society.

因此，在加速转型期，关注经济增长结构的变化，科技资源要素的分化以及科技资源系统环境的复杂化，寻求科技发展的宏观环境和现实支撑点，探索科技资源内涵及合理配置方式，全面促进科技进步与创新，提高科技对经济发展的贡献力，对于有效消除社会转型期的不确定因素，形成新的社会整合规范，保障社会的平稳过渡具有重要的意义。

As one part of the project, the dissertation is developed with thelocalization problem in mobile robot navigation. Combined with "MobileRobot 1 of Central South university (MORCS-1)", a mobile robot designed byus that equipped with a 2D laser measurement system to sense the environmentand the proprioceptive sensors such as the odometry, gyroscope to calculate itsdead reckoning, the approach about the four kind uncertainty factors of mobilerobot localization is studied. These researches include that the error analysisand calibration of position sensors is implemented to reduce the measurementnoise, the 3D kinematic model of mobile robot is built to gain the accuratepose in complex terrain, some work on the automatic detection of static ordynamic obstacles based on laser scanner is investigated to eliminate thedynamic influence of the environment and to realize the reliably absoluteposition, and lastly a robust algorithm is presented to involve the incrementalenvironment mapping and self-localization of mobile robot with unknown dataassociation and to improve the self-localization performance of mobile robotunder unknown environment.

作为该项目研究的一部分，本论文以移动机器人导航中的定位问题为研究内容，利用自行研制的装配有二维激光雷达环境感知系统，并通过里程计、陀螺仪等内部传感器来实现航迹推测的移动机器人"中南移动1号MORCS-1"，重点围绕影响移动机器人系统定位的四类不确定性处理展开研究：通过移动机器人定位传感器的误差分析及校准，旨在消除传感器噪声所带来的测量误差；通过建立移动机器人的三维运动学模型进行航迹推测，以期实现复杂地形下精确的移动机器人本体姿态感受；通过基于激光雷达的动静态障碍的自主检测等相关研究，尽量消除环境的不确定因素影响进而实现可靠的移动机器人绝对定位；通过以上研究，针对未知数据关联下移动机器人增量式环境建图与自定位的研究提出一种鲁棒的滤波算法，改善未知环境中移动机器人自定位的性能。

This paper aims to investigate structural health monitoring oriented finite element modeling for the tower of long-span bridges.

首先采用不同的方法分别建立了大跨桥梁索塔的精细有限元模型和简化模型，运用环境振动实测结果对简化有限元模型进行了修正，并和精细模型计算结果相比较；研究结果表明：严格按照设计图纸建立的精细有限元模型计算得到的动力特性与索塔现场环境振动实测值之间的误差较小，而未经修正的简化模型误差较大，由此说明：大跨桥梁在有限元建模时应尽可能详细地反映结构的几何与材料特性，在此前提下，对于设计资料全面的桥梁结构，建立有限元模型时就只需要修正那些无法用数学和物理方法模拟的不确定因素。

Careful sex principle is the circumstance dirty that shows in existence inaccuracy decides an element when giving judgement, retain necessary discretion, asset of both neither overmeasure or accrual, also do not underestimate indebted or charge.

梗概： 谨慎性原则是指在存在不确定因素的情况下作出判定时，保持必要的谨慎，既不高估资产或收益，也不低估负债或费用。

The simulation results show the good performance for the system by using network to adjust the parameters and the recurrent weight of neural network on-line dynamically on the condition of variety of system parameter and the impact of outside uncertainty factors.

仿真结果表明，当系统参数动态变化或受到外部不确定因素影响时，利用神经网络来在线调整网络的隶属函数参数以及神经网络递归权值，使系统具有良好的动、静态性能。

The model capsulized the uncertainty of processes by using flexible activities and restricted the particularization of flexible activities by using selection rules and composition rules.

该模型用柔性活动封装流程中的不确定因素，用选取规则和组合规则来约束柔性活动的具体化过程，并设计了一个追求活动最高并发度的活动自动组合算法，以便最大限度地利用系统资源，提高流程执行效率。

Three major elements of life activities as mass, energy and information can be integrated in the calcium system in neuron. So it is attracting to find out how is the neuron to maintain its stability of the structure and function with the perturbation of external and internal uncertainty factors.

因此，探究神经元内钙系统在受到外部扰动或内部参数摄动等不确定因素干扰时，如何保持其结构和功能稳定对于认识神经元内钙系统本质的动态特性具有重要意义。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。