硬膜下的

Hemorrhage may also be isolated to the cyst or be associated with subdural and, rarely, extradural hematoma.

出血可以是孤立性的囊内出血或伴随硬膜下血肿，极少数情况下伴随硬膜外血肿。

ResultsOne of 18 cases with drill drainage got cured in hospital, others were uncured when leaving hospital.

18例钻孔引流患者中有1例的硬膜下积液在住院期间治愈，其余盎者硬膜下积液出院时未见减少，其中15例1～6个月随访积液好转或自愈，2例演变为慢性硬膜下血肿；另24例行保守治疗的患者，其中21例1～6个月随访积液好转或自愈，1例演变为慢性硬膜下血肿，2例积液扩大有颅高压表现者行开颅剥除包膜并打通外侧裂池，术后6个月后随访痊愈。

Results: Lateral extradural approach could be used to expose the second and third branches of trigeminal nerve,trigeminal ganglion,posterior vertical segment of the intrapetrosal ICA,abducent nerve and horizontal segment of the intrapetrosal ICA;lateral intradural approach could be used to expose the lateral,anteroinferior and posterosuperior venous spaces,almost all the cranial nerves within the cavernous sinus and horizontal segments of the intracavernous ICA;superior approach could be used to expose the medial,lateral and posterosuperior venous spaces,medial side of the anterior genu,anterior vertical and clinoidal segments of the intracavernous ICA and the lateral side of the hypophysis.

结果：外侧硬膜外入路可用于显露三叉神经第2、3支，三叉神经节，海绵窦内颈内动脉后垂直段，外展神经及岩骨颈内动脉水平段；侧方硬膜下入路可用于显露海绵窦外侧及前下，后上静脉间隙，以及所有走行在海绵窦内的颅神经和海绵窦内颈内动脉水平段；上方入路可用于显露海绵窦内侧、外侧及后上间隙，海绵窦内ICA水平段、前膝、前垂直段及床突段的内侧面，以及垂体的外侧面。

Methods CT and MRI findings and data of 60 cases with subdural hematlmas atcerebral falx or tentorium of cerebellum were retrospectively analyzed.

目的 分析脑镰、小脑幕硬膜下血肿的CT、MRI表现，提高其诊断准确率方法回顾性分析总结60例大脑镰、小脑幕硬膜下血肿的CT和MRI资料。

Methods: The microstructure of the cavernous sinus of 10 adult cadaveric heads were observed under microscope through lateral extradural approach,lateral intradural approach and superior approach.

10例成人头颅标本，采用经额颞眶-颧弓开颅，在显微镜下对海绵窦的侧方硬膜外，侧方硬膜下，及上方入路进行解剖学观察。

objective to explore some ct characteristics and risk factors for traumatic chronic bilateral subdural hematoma.methods a total of 52 patients with chronic subdural hematoma were reviewed.some ct characteristics of bcsdh were studied first.then,the risk factors for bcsdh were determined by logistic regression model from the following variates: age,gender,prediagnostic duration,site for injury force,coma experience and ct showing after injury.results bcsdh was observed in 44.2% of 52 patients with csdh.

作者单位：第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所神经外科，重庆 400042 目的探讨创伤性双侧慢性硬膜下血肿的ct特征及危险因素。方法回顾有随访资料的创伤性慢性硬膜下血肿52例。先研究其ct表现，然后采用多因素logistic回归分析从以下变量中，如年龄、性别、伤后&潜伏&时间、受伤着力部位、受伤时有无昏迷经过、伤时ct表现等确定bcsdh发生的影响因素。

Results 5 cases of ependymocytoma, 3 cases of astrocytoma, 1 medulloblastoma hemangioblastoma in 10 cases of intra-medullary tumor; 36 cases of neurogenic tumor, 11 cases of spinal meningioma in 47 cases of subdural extramedullary tumor; 2 cases of neurogenic tumor strided over scleromeninx;2 cases of extradural metastatic tumor, 1 cestodiasis, 2 cases of epidural hematoma, which were mistaken for hemangioma before surgical operation and 1 vascular malformation in 4 cases of intraspinal nontumorous occupying lesion.

结果：10例髓内肿瘤中，室管膜瘤5例；星形细胞瘤3例；血管母细胞瘤1例；成神经管细胞瘤1例。47例脊髓外硬膜下肿瘤中，神经源性肿瘤36例；脊膜瘤11例。2例跨硬膜内外生长的神经源性肿瘤2例。硬膜外的转移瘤2例。4例椎管内非肿瘤性占位性病变中，椎管内绦虫病1例；硬膜外血肿2例，术前误为血管瘤；血管畸形1例。

Abstract］ objective to study the chronic subdural haematoma pathological mechanism characteristic,curing method and factor failing.methods the method carries on a clinical research to 217 sufferers and the whole set goes skull ct to scan.for the very first time surgical operation method all for drill a hole to lead to drainage.results cured 193 cases (88.94%),haematoma residual 9 cases (4.15%),haematoma recrudesces 15 cases (6.91%).conclusion procedure selection should be based on condition of the patients with hematoma,drainage completely and anti-pneumo encephalos may important.

摘要］ 目的探讨分析慢性硬膜下血肿的病理特点、治疗方法和失败因素。方法对217例患者进行临床研究，全组均行头颅ct扫描。首次手术方式均为钻孔引流术。结果恢复良好者193例（88.94%），血肿残留9例(4.15%)，血肿复发15例(6.91%)。结论对慢性硬膜下血肿的治疗应根据病情选择手术方式，术中血肿冲洗要彻底及术中术后要预防气颅的发生，可降低术后血肿复发率。

Results The main injury characteristics of HDI were as follows: scalp contusion,cranial fracture,epidural hematoma,subdural hematoma and cerebral contusion at impact position;subdural hematoma,basal fracture and cerebral contusion at contrecoup site;skull fracture mainly at impact position,subdural hematoma mainly at contrecoup site,subarachnoid hemorrhage mainly at the base of brain and cerebral contusion regions;severe contrecoup injury at frontal and temporal lobe.

结果 颅脑减速伤损伤的主要特点为：撞击部位头皮损伤、颅盖骨折、硬膜外血肿、硬膜下血肿和脑挫裂伤，对冲部位硬膜下血肿、颅底骨折和脑挫裂伤；颅骨骨折以撞击部位多见，硬膜下血肿以对冲部位多见，蛛网膜下腔出血主要位于脑底部及脑挫裂伤区；额、颞叶严重对冲伤是常见颅脑减速伤的重要特征。

Results 278 cases of patients who were followed an average follow-up of 3 months, all patients have achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects, and surgery-related complication rate was 9.57%(31/324), including 2 cases of acute intracranial hematoma, intracranial infection in 1 cases, non-tension pneumocephalus in 14 cases, seven cases of subdural effusion, low intracranial pressure in 5 cases. Conclusion Drainage using minimally invasive surgery (one-time use of YL-1 type of intracranial hematoma puncture needle grinding and urokinase technology) can achieve a more better therapeutic effect than burr-hole craniotomy with drainage or simple minimally invasive irrigation and drainage in the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma.

结果：本组278例病人获得随访，平均随访3个月，全组患者均取得较满意治疗效果，与手术相关并发症发生率为9.57%（31/324），包括急性颅内血肿2例，颅内感染1例，非张力性气颅14例，硬膜下积液7例，低颅压5例，结论：采用微创引流手术（使用 YL －1型一次性颅内血肿穿刺粉碎针及尿激酶技术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿，能取得较钻孔引流术单纯微创冲洗引流更好的治疗效果。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。