破坏应力

The quality of interior environment in nursing home residents will become one of the attention-getting subjects due to the gradual increase of aging populations This paper directs at the research of nursing home's interior environment factors in Tainan We use the standard of international practice to analyze the intrinsical data of environmental monitoring and establish the characteristics which from environmental physical reaction of nursing home The research items are air environments (PM10 CO CO2 formaldehyde TVOC) temperate environments and light environment (illumination average brightness daylight factor) etc There are the inductive conclusions of this research: 1 In basic medicine the clinical diagnosis means the theory and technique about physical examination with patients The definition of clinical diagnosis in architecture should be the diagnosis of building preserve and improve the feasible way to extend building's service life and assure the residents of the healthy quality of interior environment The object of clinical diagnosis in architecture is not only to ensure the use of structure and environment quality but also keep the structure and environment quality in sustainable; therefore creating an efficient system of preserving plan is needed 2 It is an accurate and technical circumstance which about improving remedying and reconstructing the problems of structure space This circumstance includes finding questions ensuring causation ascertaining ultimate strength evaluating environment quality estimating the necessary of restoration and implementing on a suitable way Furthermore when reconstructing and ameliorating the appearance of structure space it should be respected and the memories of it should be preserved 3 In clinical diagnosis of environment quality of space the question of physical environment and the deficiencies of structure must be separated The structure space of construction and the high quality of space should be inspected strictly then observed the crucial reason that can find out any invisible and hidden causes The diagnosis of construction is to observe the reason of destroyed structure The environmental diagnosis of indoor and outdoor is to find out the crucial reason that influences health 4 In order to decrease the iterant problems the construction and environment of space should be diagnosed However the destruction by natural strength and artificial using by human are important causes that can affect the service life of construction Searching the cause of disease just like curing the patient which includes inspection diagnosis cure and prevention We tested the thermal conductivity of siding material in this research and then found out the roof east vertical face and west vertical face have most radiant heat especially the construction of RC The characteristics of opaquely outer casing have relations with the thermal conductivity of wall to wiz the ability of heat insulation Therefore increasing the efficiency of heat insulation and decreasing the endoergic factor of insolation are very important to temperate environments

而随著国内老年人人口逐渐增加，逐渐迈向高龄化之同时，对於高龄者使用空间之室内环境品质相关议题之探讨，亦成为未来我们需加以关注之议题之一。主要为针对台南某安养中心室内环境因子进行检测调查工作，利用现场室内环境测定以取得有效的实测数据；再藉由汇整相关国际评估基准，并进行实测数据比对分析，建立老人安养中心对物理环境反应之特性。并以前期相关研究文献回顾与老人安养中心实测案例现场的实验，来了解不同空间物理环境特性之影响，并将结果回馈实际建筑及室内设计之用。调查工作项目包含：空气环境之PM10、CO、CO2、甲醛、TVOC；温热环境之室内温度、相对湿度、人体PMV、PPD；光环境之照度、均齐度、昼光率等因子调查。本研究结果可归纳以下几点结论： 1 所谓临床诊断医学乃相对於基础医学而言，是指实际与病人接触的医疗及护理行为中牵涉到的理论和技术；而建筑的临床诊断的定义应为建筑本体与室内外诊断、维护及改善所有可行的方式来延长建筑物的寿命，并确保人与室内环境空间品质的健康。建筑临床诊断目的为确保结构体与环境品质能继续使用，而能维持所需要的效能及承受能力。一个有效的维护计画体系是必须建立的 2 在建筑空间之问题改善、治疗与修复执行中，是一个精确与技术性的事项，其中包含找出问题、确定原因、评估结构应力强度、评估环境品质、评估修复与改善必要性、选择及执行一个适当的过程。其改善与修复也必须尊重建筑空间原有色彩与形貌，并保留原有记忆及文化。 3 在临床诊断中空间环境品质中，物理性环境问题与结构构件缺陷必须分别判断，诊断建筑空间之结构与空间舒适品质必须详细观察其症结性问题，才能发现任何隐藏及有潜伏性缺陷的原因。建筑本体诊断是观察出建筑本体之破坏原因，而是内外空间环境诊断目的在於的找出影响健康因素之症结性问题。 4 建筑本体与空间环境之预防评估目的为降低与抑制问题的再发生。然而，自然力的破坏与人为使用因素皆是影响建筑生命期之主要因素，找出病源问题就如同医生对病人的处理，包含了侦查、诊断、治疗以及预防。 5 本研究以外墙材料热传导率测试结果发现，屋面与东西向立面是承受辐射热最多的地方，尤以 RC 的建筑更甚，不透明部分的外壳能特性主要与壁体的热传透率即隔热能力有关，但是承受来自日射的吸热影响，因此增加隔热性能与降低日射吸热因子是对温热环境是非常重要的。

With the increasing of the rock detritus content, the uniaxial compressive strength and Young's modulus increase; the elastic strain energy index and bursting energy index of studied the rocks increase; the duration of failure decrease.

随着碎屑颗粒粒径的增大，即由砂质泥岩、粉砂岩向砂岩过渡，粗粒的粒柱状矿物逐渐增加，而细粒的片状矿物逐渐减少，岩石的强度和刚性增强，在集中应力作用下，弹性能指数增大，发生脆性破坏的可能性增大及破坏持续的时间变短也更猛烈，岩石的冲击倾向性增强。

It is found that, besides the delamination failure due to the interlaminar stresses, the main cause of the unduly-soon failure of the laminate lies in the fact that the strength of the delamination laminate is lower than that of the original laminate A method of modification is also given to allow for the edge-effect produced by using a specimen of finite width to measure ...

发现导致层合板过早破坏的原因，除了由于层间应力引起分层破坏外，主要是分层后的叠合铺层强度低于层合板强度；并给出了一般均衡对称的π/4层合板用有限宽试样测试拉伸强度时由于边界效应影响的修正方法。这是一种基于试验结果的经验方法。

The approach of computational simulation is the finite element method.The whole research is combined by the following three parts. In part one, a program on quadtree method is compiled. It can automatically generate planar structures with all-quadrangular, good quality elements in high speed, and it can create data files on information of elements and nodes, which provide the foundation for finite element analysis. In part two, a program on finite element calculation is compiled by object-oriented method, During the simulation of fracture, the displacement and stress are calculated by the program.

本文的工作可分为三大部分：第一部分编制了四叉树法程序，通过它可对平面结构进行单元离散，快速自动生成质量较好的全四边形单元，并获得离散后的单元信息和节点信息，为有限元计算打下基础；第二部分利用面向对象方法编制了有限元计算程序，在破坏模拟过程中，利用它进行位移、应力分析；第三部分对脆性材料的破坏过程进行了模拟。

Through model test of new high- strength steel conical shell with ring frame ,and relevant analysis,it is shown in this paper that the failure of ring-framed conical shell can be traced to the neutral plane on longitudinal section where the structure strength is relatively weak.

通过新的高强度钢材环肋圆锥壳模型实验，及采用解析方法分析表明，环肋圆锥壳体破坏的原因是结构相对薄弱处纵剖面上的中面应力所致。并提出用"灰色系统"理论预测破坏载荷的计算方法，建议今后模型实验和现役潜艇的耐压船体寿命估算中可采用这种方

When mixed into the same carbon fiber quantity is 1.0%, differ age material's AC impedance chart is discrepancy very much, along with to hydrate age's add, C-S-H gel isa great deal of form, the solution resistance at the concrete is gradually aggrandizement, the carbon fibre of here qua transmit electricity quality disperse would leading effect of conductance, along with the add of exterior load, the transmit electricity quality of concrete is almost nothing change, till breakage, resistance change rate tempestuousness add, and that the resistance change rate along with inside stress linearity add of corbon fibre concrete in elasticity phase, when near peak value load, resistance rate just gradually add, indicate the test sample would be about to breakage.

当碳纤维体积掺量同为1.0%时，不同龄期材料的交流阻抗谱相差很大，随着水化龄期的增长，C-S-H凝胶大量形成，水泥基材料中的溶液电阻逐渐增大，此时作为导电性分散相的碳纤维将起电导的主导作用。随着外部荷载的增加，基准水泥基材料的导电性几乎无变化，直到破坏时，电阻变化率剧烈增大，而碳纤维水泥基材料在弹性阶段其电阻变化率随内部应力线性增加，当接近峰值荷载时，电阻率才逐渐增大，预示试件即将破坏。

The types of failure in diamond thin films materials and the relationship between the failure and the applied stress have been investigated by means of soft impressor technique .

本文利用软压头技术，探讨了金刚石薄膜材料在点接触加载条件下的破坏形式以及外加应力与薄膜破坏之间的关系。

Correction Cam model what go up in π plane is umbriferous it is a circle, this does not accord with numerous cliff earth kind material the experimental fact; that succumb and destroys orbit on π plane and fall in three-dimensional stress condition, lade-Duncan destroys criterion to be able to be opposite cliff earth kind material gives out to be described reasonably in the intensity on π plane and attrition character.

修正Cam模型在π平面上的投影是一个圆，这不符合众多岩土类材料在π平面上的屈服和破坏轨迹的实验事实；而在三维应力状态下，Lade-Duncan破坏准则能对岩土类材料在π平面上的强度和摩擦特性给出合理的描述。

Pipe heat causes linesr expansion and rurtherresult in tensile stress in the direction of pipe xale to make cracks in direction perpendicular to the axle,in the case ,the stress value is obtained by ormula=E,and if ,it is estimated with 15mm LG PEX-A Pipe as base,the sectional breaking rorce is estimated approx.7.6kg/cm2,being much more little comparing with the concrete bearing force=1,536kg/cm2and its not needed to be anxious to concrete cracking rising.

由于管子的线性热膨而使管子受轴向伸长力，从人在与管轴成直角的方向上产生裂缝，这时的应力接计算，PEX－A按直径15mm标准计算进断面破坏强度约为7.6kg/cm2，比混凝土的支持力1.58kg/cm2小得多，所以不需要考虑管子对混凝土的破坏作用。

Rockburst is a mine seism that is caused to happen by mining, it is one of natural calamities. It is a dynamic phenomenon, the coal and rock mass or fault in high stress area releases a large of energy when it is disturbed and instability destroy instantaneously, and its characteristic is volcanic shake and explosive destroy.

冲击地压是采矿诱发的矿井地震，是矿井的一大自然灾害，是指矿井高应力区内煤体、岩体及断层在受外界扰动瞬间失稳破坏时，释放出很大能量而引起的以猛烈震动和爆发式破坏为特征的矿山动力现象。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。