砂土

A continuous strain hardening-softening model of dilatant sand named "SHSOVOD", and FLACish language of FLAC3D software were put together to perform the numerical analyses. The results of matrix-arranged anchors placed in different horizontal spacing are compared with the results of single anchors.

数值分析乃利用砂土之连续应变硬化-软化与体积膨胀模式，简称SHSOVOD模式，配合FLAC3D语言FLACish进行群锚受力行为分析，同时比对群锚在不同水平间距下的分析结果与单锚之受力行为，以了解砂土中垂直扩座地锚锚碇力受水平间距之影响。

At the same time, the large-scale shaking table test techniques of saturated sand ground were discussed, such as the design and preparation of saturated sand model ground, the arrangement of sensors and the test load program, which could be used as common reference to the same kind tests as well as necessary technical experience for subsequent shaking table tests on stone columns composite foundation in future.

同时，探索了饱和砂土地基液化大型振动台模型试验技术，如饱和砂土模型地基设计与制备、传感器布置、试验加载方案确定等，为今后开展此类试验提供一般的研究思路，并且为后续碎石桩复合地基振动台试验提供了必要的技术经验。

A new cyclic constitutive model for sands which can describe the deformation behavior of sands under combined variation of principal stress axes and magnitudes was developed based on the above physical fundamentals. And its effectiveness under the complex stress paths including cyclic rotation of principal stress axes is verified by a good comparison of model simulation with test results for sands.

2基于对应力主轴循环旋转条件下砂土的基本变形规律的认识，吸收和借鉴已有弹塑性本构模型研究成果中的合理概念和建模方法，建立了一个可合理描述应力主轴循环旋转效应及主应力幅值大小与应力主轴方向循环耦变效应的砂土弹塑性本构模型，并对该模型在包含应力主轴旋转的复杂循环应力路径下的有效性进行了验证。

The plastic deformation induced due to cyclic rotation of principal stress axes alone can be in the same magnitude as that due to shear with fixed principal stress axes. 2 The volumetric strain due to shearing of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. The former is characterized by its reversibility and is independent of past shear history, the latter by its irreversibility increases with the increase of cycle number yet its increase rate decreases with its accumulation. 3 The obvious non-coaxiality between directions of the principal stresses and principal strain increments is found and its degree depends largely on the change of shear stress component. 4 The intermediate principal stress has considerable effects on the deformation behavior of sands in the condition of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes. The accumulation rate of the irreversible dilatancy component increases with the increase of the intermediate principal stress parameter.

具有初始各向异性的砂土在纯应力主轴循环旋转排水条件下的主要变形规律为：①纯应力主轴循环旋转可产生与应力主轴固定单调剪切处于同一数量级的塑性变形；②纯应力主轴循环旋转引起的剪切体变包含可逆性剪切体变分量和不可逆性剪切体变分量两部分，其中可逆性剪切体变分量在一周内可完全恢复，基本与应力历史无关；不可逆性剪切体变分量随循环周数的增加呈单调增加，且增加速率随其自身累积值的增大呈减小趋势；③应变增量主轴与应力主轴之间的非共轴现象显著，且在一周内具有分段性；④中主应力对应力主轴循环旋转条件下砂土的变形特性有重要影响，不可逆性剪切体变分量的累积速率随中主应力系数的增加而增加。

By derivation according to Darcy's law, the transfusion formula of chemical grouting in the sand was achieved. And then, the capillary viscosimeter was adapted to measurement the viscosity of seriflux. Finally, the change law of seriflux kinetic viscosity varying with time by fitting curve was deduced.

首先在达西定律的基础上推导出化学浆液在砂土中的渗流公式，然后采用品氏毛细管粘度计对浆液的粘度进行测定，通过曲线拟合回归总结出浆液粘度随时间变化规律，最终得出浆液在砂土中的渗流规律。

The water retaining capacity decreases with the increasing of diesel content and the decreasing of water bearing capacity and drainable porosity are relatively light. While, all of them reduce notably with the increasing of crude oil.

柴油污染对砂土容水度和给水度影响较小，持水度随含油率升高而减小；原油污染砂土孔隙度、持水度和给水度随含油率升高而减小。

3When subjected to the seismic ground motion of the shock type, the shallow, thin and narrow liquefied lenticle may amplify the response of the building with short period.

计算结果表明：(1)所采用的方法与已有的模型实验结果有很好的对应关系，可用于分析建筑物存在下的场地砂土液化问题；(2)饱和砂土透镜体液化对短周期建筑物主要起到隔震作用，且随着透镜体厚度、埋深和宽度的增加以及场地输入地震动加速度的增大，减震效果有所增加；(3)在冲击型地震动作用下，埋深浅、宽度和厚度小的液化透镜体有时却对短周期结构加速度反应起到增大作用。

In order to overcome the defect of traditional methods and to find a new simply and effective time-domain method to eliminate the influence of boundary reflection. The main contents of studies and achievements are as follows: The liquefiable saturated sand dynamic character researches are conducted by means of the resonant column test and the dynamic tri-axial test; The undrain dynamic relationship between stress and strain, the damping ratio, saturated sand liquefaction mechanism, laboratory liquefaction standard, the effective factors of liquefaction are considered in laboratory. Liquefaction strength parameters used in element numerical simulation are obtained.

为克服传统方法存在的问题，寻求一种简单有效、能消除截断边界反射影响的时域有限元方法，本文主要开展了如下研究工作：对工程场地土体进行了标准贯入、静力触探、剪切波速等现场原位试验、室内动三轴试验以及共振柱试验，针对研究区域内可液化的饱和土进行了动力特性试验研究，分析了饱和土体的不排水动应力～应变关系和阻尼特性；对研究区域内的饱和砂土的液化机理，室内试验液化判别标准及影响饱和砂土液化的诸多因素进行了研究，得出了工程场地土体的抗液化强度指标等有限元模拟所需参数。

Temperature in three type of soil (sandy soil, cohensive soil, and mixture of them) out of the subterrene was tested with CIT-I infrared pyrometer and K thermocouple on the experiment platform, the result is measure up to the calculating result.

在热熔钻进实验台上采用CIT-I型红外测温仪和K型热电偶对热熔器外三种类型的土(砂土、粘性土、砂土与粘性土的混合土)中的温度进行了实测，对结果的分析和结论与理论的计算结果是吻合的。

The test results presented indicate that both G_ will produce additive attenuation under cyclic dynamic loading, and the relative density take no effect on Fujian sands but obvious effect on Qiantangjiang silts.

结果表明，循环振动下砂土与粉土G_均产生明显的附加衰减，不同相对密度对砂土G_甜变化规律的影响较小，而对粉土的影响较大。

This is not an ordinary box, which is used as a background picture of the dialog box, very pretty.

详细说明：这可不是一个一般的对话框，它是用图片作为背景的对话框，非常好看。

Conceal me what I am,and be my aid for such disguise as haply shall become the form of my intent.

遮掩我的身份，帮助我，我的面具将成为我的目的。