用量

The optimum reaction conditions were that the molar ratio of maleic anhydride and p-nitroaniline was 1.2:1, the volume ratio of toluene and DMF was 10:1, the amination temperature was 20~30℃ the cyclization temperature was 145~150℃ and the cyclization time was 6 h over; the amount of p-toluene sulfonic acid was 12% of total reactant mass, the amount of copper sulfate was 0.1~0.5% of total reactant mass, the amount of hydroquinol was 0.1% of total reactant mass.

得到的最佳工艺条件是：n：n为1.2：1，V：V为10：1；胺化反应温度为20~30℃，环化反应温度为140~150℃，环化反应时间为6h以上；对甲基苯磺酸用量为反应物总质量的1%~2%；硫酸铜用量为反应物总质量的0.1%~0.5%；对苯二酚用量为反应物总质量的0.1%。

In this article, high DS and low viscosity carboxymethyl starch was prepared in aqueous media through the reaction between corn starch with acid treatment and etherifying agent, the effect of acid treatment time, liquor/material ratio, the amount of sodium hydroxide, the amount of monochloroacetic acid, etherification time, and reaction tempera.

以玉米淀粉为原料，采用酸化-醚化复合变性的方法在水相中制备高取代度低黏度羧甲基淀粉，探讨了酸化时间、液固比、NaOH用量、ClCH2COOH用量、醚化反应时间、反应温度对羧甲基化过程的影响，研究发现，对原淀粉进行酸化，可以在不增加其它反应试剂用量的基础上提高产物的取代度，但是酸化时间不应过长。

The resules show that the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: tin octoate is used as catalyst; w(SnOct2)lw and w(nano-SiO2)/w is 1:400 and 1:20, respectively; the reaction temperature is 140 CC and the reaction time is 72 h. Under this conditions, composite withM of 1.5091×10^5 was obtained.

结果表明，最优的反应条件为：采用辛酸亚锡为催化剂，催化剂用量和二氧化硅用量分别为丙交酯用量的0.25%和5%，在140℃油浴中，氮气保护下反应72h，可得到重均分子量为1.5091×10^5的聚乳酸纳米二氧化硅复合材料。

The optimal production conditions are as follows: liquid paraffine warm-up temperature 80℃,reaction temperature 80~100℃,chlorine flow rate 80~100m3\h,reacting time 5.5~6.5h, adding 0.03% catalyst , 0.3% additive and 0.15% stabilizer .

确定了最佳的工艺条件：液蜡预热温度80℃，反应温度80~100℃，氯气流量80~100m3\h，催化剂用量0.03%，添加剂A用量0.3%，反应时间5.5~6.5h，稳定剂用量0.15%。

The optimal production conditions are as follows: liquid paraffine warm-up temperature 80℃,reaction temperature 80~100℃,chlorine flow rate 80~100m3/h,reacting time 5.5~6.5h, adding 0.03% catalyst , 0.3% additive and 0.15% stabilizer.

对低正构烷烃液体石蜡生产合格的氯化石蜡提出内稳定设想，确定了最佳的工艺条件：液蜡预热温度80℃，反应温度80~100℃，氯气流量80~100m3/h，催化剂用量0.03%，添加剂A用量0.3%，反应时间5.5~6.5h，稳定剂用量0.15%。

Chitosan had been modified by polyacrylate sodium, glularaldehyde, and NaBH4, respectively, which afforded three kinds modified chitosan: polyacrylate sodium modified chitosan (CIS- PA4) chitosan bead and pentamethylene diamido crosslinked chitosan bead (CTSB- G- Hy). The adsorption properties of CTS-CTSB and CTSB-G-Hy were studied by L25(56) orthogonal experimental design. They show high adsorption activities for Pb2+ in solution. The highest removal efficiency of Pb2+ for CTS-PA4, CTSB and CTSB-G-Hy is 94%, 96% and 93%, respectively. The results showed the adsorption property of CTSB is the highest. The CTSB- G- Hy has good mechanical property, acid-resistance and alkali-resistance.

第二部分壳聚糖的改性及其对水溶液中铅离子的吸附性能研究以壳聚糖为原料制备了三种改性吸附剂——聚丙烯酸钠改性壳聚糖(CTS——PA_4)、珠状壳聚糖凝胶树脂和戊二氨交联珠状壳聚糖凝胶树脂，着重考察了CTSB—G—Hy的制备条件，并考察了三种吸附剂吸附6.3mg/L铅离子水溶液中铅的最佳使用条件，结果表明对CTS—PA_4而言当pb~(2+)溶液的pH在4～6.5之间，吸附剂用量为5g/L，吸附时间为1h时pb~(2+)去除率高于94％，CTS—PA_4可在酸性条件下使用，在碱性条件下依然有效但处理效果较差；CTSB对pb~(2+)具有很好的吸附能力吸附剂用量为5g/L，吸附时间为1h时处理效果极佳，pb~(2+)去除率高于96％；CTSB—G—Hy对pb~(2+)具有一定的吸附能力，吸附剂用量为3g/L，吸附时间为1.5h时处理效果最佳，Pb~(2+)去除率高于93％，而且CTSB—G—Hy的机械强度高，耐酸碱性强，可在较宽的pH范围内使用。

The effect of the hollow glass microsphere was the first evident, the pulverous coal ash the second and the equal mixture of three kinds of above mentioned fillers was the last. 30 parts by weight of hollow glass microsphere ...

玻璃微珠用量以 3 0份为宜，水中插入损失随用量增加而降低，在3kHz、1 0kHz、2 0kHz三个频段，用量 3 0份至 5 0份时，插入损失降低幅度较大，5 0份以后降低幅度变缓，其他频率也有类似情况

Through measuring the solubility,stability and hydrolyzation property,the effect of additives on the characteristics of concentrated aqueous reactive blue P-3R was investigated. The results showed that among the four kinds of organic solvents,N-methyl pyrrolidone was the best one and its optimum dosage 10%. Na_ 2 HPO_ 4 /NaH_ 2 PO_ 4 was a better buffer and its optimum dosage was 3%.

通过对液态染料溶解性、稳定性、耐水解程度等的测试，综合考察了添加剂的种类及用量对高浓度液态活性艳蓝P-3R性能的影响，结果表明在所考察的四种有机共溶剂中，N-甲基吡咯烷酮的效果最好，且其最佳用量为10%；缓冲溶液中Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4的效果较好，最佳用量为3%。

The details is described below: mixed with water and evenly atomized, 30-60g/mou for seedling, flowering and fruiting stages of apple, pear, grape, orange, banana, and longan; mixed with water and evenly atomized, 30-50g/mu for seedling, flowering and fruit growth stages of vegetables, like chili and solanaceous fruit and gourd; 30-60g/mu for cotton seedling, flower bud, boll, boll opening and yield stage, mixed with water and evenly atomized, 26-32 days of drought resistance period.

干旱、半干旱、干热风胁迫条件下，&ASA&高效植物保水剂在苹果、梨、葡萄、柑桔、香蕉、龙眼等果树和蔬菜的各个生育时期均可使用，具体为：苹果、梨、葡萄、柑桔、香蕉、龙眼苗期、花期、挂果期用量为30～60g/亩，兑水均匀喷雾；蔬菜如辣椒茄果类、瓜类等苗期、扬花期、果实膨大期亩用量30～50g，兑水均匀喷雾；棉花苗期、蕾期、铃期、吐絮收花期用量30～60g/亩，兑水均匀喷雾，防旱期26～32天。

The optimum condition of preparing process were obtained: the amount - of - substance ratio of sodium hydroxide and eerie sulfate tetrahydrate was 4.8:1 ,the quantity of PEG was 8 mL in reaction and 7 mL in washing, absolute alcohol was 10 mL in washing, irradiation time was 6 min, constant microwave irradiation pressure was 0.14 MPa, microwave power was 232 W, the ultrasonic wave dispersing time was 10 min and the microwave drying time was 10 min.

通过考察制备过程中的各个影响因素，得到了制备纳米二氧化铈的最佳工艺条件：氢氧化钠与四水硫酸高铈物质的量比为4.8：1；聚乙二醇的反应用量为8mL，洗涤用量为7mL；无水乙醇的洗涤用量为10mL；微波恒压时间为6min；微波压力为0.14MPa；微波功率为232W；超声波分散时间为10min；微波干燥时间为10min。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。