用图表表现的

Lower-level fraud, however, is much harder to detect: the data point invented or erased to make a graph look better, or to make a result that was not quite statistically significant into that scientific desideratum, the "minimum publishable unit"; the results "mined" retrospectively for interesting correlations, rather than used to test pre-existing hypotheses; the photograph that has been "enhanced" to bring out what the researcher regards as the salient features.

不过，更难被发现的是低级造假：生造或抹掉一个数据点来美化图表；或者让原本统计学意义并不显著的结果摇身一变，竟成了科学上需要的东西，即"最小出版单位"（也就是说文章所提供的数据量刚好够上发表条件，说的其实就是宁要数量，不要质量）；把既往研究的结果"开采出来"，是为了寻找有意义的关联，而不是用来检验已有的假设；对图片进行"深加工"以表现出研究人员心目中的显著特征。

In the 1970s and 1980s chartists had modest success in predicting currency markets because, one theory says, the strong role of central banks and treasuries in currency markets constrained the variables so that they could be described in relatively simple linear equations.

在二十世纪七十年代和八十年代，这些图表分析员们在货币市场的预测方面有了一点成功，这是因为，按照一种理论的说法，中央银行和财政部在货币市场中的强势角色约束了各种变量，这样一来，就可以用一种相对简单的线性方程来描述整个市场的表现。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。