环境噪声

The algorithm improves performance by modified extrinsic and channel information of traditional MAP to suit additive white Class A noise.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance than traditional MAP algorit...

该算法修正传统MAP算法的外部信息和信道信息计算公式，使之适应非高斯的ClassA脉冲噪声环境，从而改进了译码性能，计算机仿真证明新的译码算法在Class A噪声环境中比传统MAP算法具有更好的性能。

The noise of high elevated road is one of major environmental problem in big city.

高架复合道路的噪声影响是目前大城市中一个很主要的环境问题，本章在进行大量实测的基础上讨论了应用目前噪声理论计算模型来处理高架复合道路噪声的方法，标定了相应的模型并且探讨了道路型式与噪声产生和扩散的关系。

Morphological and flourescent changes were assessed using confocal microscopy in whole-mount organ of Corti preparations. Results (1) After the animals were exposed to broadband noise at 122 dB SPL in 4 h/day for 2 days, both apoptosis and necrosis appeared in OHCs. The single strand DNA in apoptotic OHCs were observed both in guinea pigs and mice.(2) In normal OHCs, EndoG was distributed outside of nuclei. EndoG translocated from outside to inside of the nuclei in both apoptotic and necrotic OHCs following noise exposure.(3) The MNNG cochlear perfusion and noise exposure both caused the transloctation of AIF from the mitochondria to the nuclei. The translocation of AIF took place in both apoptotic and necrotic OHCs.

结果 (1)暴露于120 dB SPL的白噪声环境中每天4小时，连续2天后引起豚鼠和小鼠耳蜗外毛细胞凋亡时，其细胞核内产生ssDNA，而在正常细胞内没有三ssDNA；（2）在正常情况下，EndoG分布于耳蜗毛细胞的细胞核外，在暴露于上述噪声后发生凋亡和坏死的豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞中，EndoG从细胞核外转移到细胞核内，细胞核中的EndoG显著增加；（3）豚鼠耳蜗外淋巴灌流烷化剂MNNG后发生耳蜗外毛细胞凋亡和坏死，在凋亡和坏死的耳蜗外毛细胞中，AIF自线粒体转移到细胞核，其变化与噪声损伤引起耳蜗外毛细胞凋亡和坏死时一致。

Article 24 Units that cause environmental pollution and other public hazards shall incorporate the work of environmental protection into their plans and establish a responsibility system for environmental protection, and must adopt effective measures to prevent and control the pollution and harms caused to the environment by waste gas, waste water, waste residues, dust, malodorous gases, radioactive substances, noise, vibration and electromagnetic radiation generated in the course of production, construction or other activities.

第二十四条产生环境污染和其他公害的单位，必须把环境保护工作纳入计划，建立环境保护责任制度；采取有效措施，防治在生产建设或者其他活动中产生的废气、废水、废渣、粉尘、恶臭气体、放射性物质以及噪声、振动、电磁波辐射等对环境的污染和危害。

Units that cause environmental pollution and other public hazards shall incorporate the work of environmental protection into their plans and establish a responsibility system for environmental protection, and must adopt effective measures to prevent and control the pollution and harms caused to the environment by waste gas, waste water, waste residues, dust, malodorous gases, radioactive substances, noise, vibration and electromagnetic radiation generated in the course of production, construction or other activities.

第二十四条产生环境污染和其他公害的单位，必须把环境保护工作纳入计划，建立环境保护责任制度；采取有效措施，防治在生产建设或者其他活动中产生的废气、废水、废渣、粉尘、恶臭气体、放射性物质以及噪声、振动、电磁波辐射等对环境的污染和危害。

But in practical conditions, the assumption of white noise is not always true. When the noise model is not white, the traditional high resolution methods will be deteriorative and even invalid.

然而在实际环境中，白噪声的假设并不总是成立，当实际噪声不满足白噪声模型时，传统的高分辨方法的性能将会引起严重的恶化甚至失效。

Based on summarying the measures of traffic noise control in the world, in terms of theory and experience of noise control , as well as adapting concrete environmental condition and development tendency china western , this paper puts forward the measures of traffic noise control which reduct the effect of noise pollution and accelerat the management of highway environment protection .

在总结国内外防治交通噪声措施的基础上，根据噪声控制的理论经验，结合西部地区具体环境状况和发展趋势，提出了适合中国西部的交通噪声防治对策，以减少噪声污染和推动西部地区交通环保事业的发展。

The experimental results show the validness of the mechanism analyses.2. According to the generation mechanism of the leak acoustic signal, the characteristics of the leak acoustic signal are investigated. The auto correlation technology is adopted to descript the leak signal characteristics due to the ability to analyze the coherence of time series. A new procedure to identify the leak acoustic signal from the disturbed noises is proposed based on the conjunction of correlation and approximate entropy algorithm.3. The principle and application in leak location of the correlation and the adaptive filter techniques are introduced. The problems of the traditional leak location methods are analyzed.4. In order to establish the leak detection signal model, the leak acoustic propagation characteristics are investigated experimentally.

从泄漏声产生机理出发，分析了管道泄漏处湍流拟序结构与空泡间相互作用的机理，认为在该机理作用下，泄漏声信号产生过程具有&不可重复&的特征；由于相关函数具有分析时间序列拟序结构的能力，且近似熵从统计的角度区别时间过程的复杂性，因此，提出将信号相关分析和近似熵理论相结合的方法，提取泄漏声信号&不可重复&的特征，辨识管道泄漏故障发生；在实际检测现场，由于各种管内和管外固定声源噪声(如阀门噪声、工地施工噪声等)常导致泄漏误判和漏点定位错误，重点分析了管内固定噪声源的产生机理和特征，为复杂干扰环境下的泄漏辨识提供理论支持。

Through combining background noise and measuring environment study,the effects of background noise,surface absorption of the source in different environments as well as the difference between sound intensity measurement and sound pressure measurement are emphasized.

主要将背景噪声与测量环境结合起来，研究背景噪声、声源表面吸收在不同环境中的影响，还对声强法与声压法的差别作了比较。

For example, the average number of retransmissions can be decreased 50% at 1 dB SNR in the Gaussian channel and 9 dB SNR in the Rayleigh channel.

如在高斯噪声环境下，信噪比为1dB时减少超过50%；在瑞利噪声环境下，信噪比为9dB时也减少了50%。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。