特征

In the fluvial deposit environment, the quartz superficial characteristic is primarily by the inferior circle, the conchoidal breakage fracture and the submarine hit pit, revealing the transformation of current to the quartz; In lake-deposit environment, quartz sand superficial characteristic is by primarily abraded edges and parallel cleavage, the quartz maintained the primitive characteristic, indicating the quartz received few transformation of fluent, different quartz grain has their different curve character.

在河流沉积环境，石英砂的表面特征以次圆、贝壳状断口和水下撞击坑为主，显示了水流对石英砂颗粒表面的改造；在湖泊沉积环境中，石英砂的表面特征以多棱角和平行解理面为主，石英砂颗粒保持了原始的特征，表明了石英砂颗粒受到水流的改造比较少。不同沉积环境中石英砂颗粒表面结构特征都具有自己的曲线特征。

For the bottom-up attention process, areas of interest that deserve visual attention are formed by a sequentially extracting of feature map, conspicuity map, and interesting map. Firstly, based on Treisman's feature integration theory and the characteristics of orientation and frequency selective nerve cells in biological cortex, we propose a new 2D optimal quadrature filter in the meaning of minimum energy loss to extract intensity, edge, orientation, symmetry, curvature and comer features to form the feature maps. Then based on the local competent and global cooperative perception character of biological vision, we design a kind of competent/cooperative filter and use a set of such filters to extract conspicuous locations that will most likely to cause visual attention from feature maps to form conspicuity maps.

我们根据Treisman〓的特征整合理论，结合生物视觉皮层的方向、频率敏感性神经元，提出采用一组调制在不同尺度和方向上的新的最佳正交特征滤波器并行地提取图象的亮度、边缘、方向、对称性、曲率和角度等特征作为注意线索，构成特征图；在此基础上，基于生物视觉的局部竞争和全局协作特性，本文设计了一种竞争协作滤波器用于从特征图中提取可能引起视觉注意的显著位置构成显著图，各显著图进一步通过本文提出的融合算法和非线性松弛迭代算法生成自底向上兴趣图。

The diagnostic features for the species include deep excavation on the posteroventral margin of the premaxilla, a diastema between the premaxillary and maxillary teeth, a a number of many pits and ridges on the anterolateral surface of the antorbital fossa, the posterolateral process of the parietal being long and sharply posteriorly directed, the column ar -like margin of the pterygoid process of the quadrate, the bifurcated posterior margin of the dentary, a distinctive groove posterior to the anterior carina on the medial surface of the premaxillary tooth crowns, absence of ventrolateral processes on intercentrum of t he atlas, T-shaped centrum of the first caudal in ventral view, transverse process on anterior caudals with rounded , and strongly anteroposteriorly expanded distal end, presence of two fossae separated by an oblique ridge on the lateral side of the anterior chevrons near the articular end, and pubis strongly curved psoteriorly.

这一属种的主要鉴定特征包括：前上颌骨后腹缘有一深凹、前上颌齿和上颌齿之间有一齿缺、眶前窝外表面前部有许多坑窝和脊、顶骨侧后突伸向后方、方骨的翼骨支边缘柱状、靠近前上颌齿齿冠舌面前缘有槽、环椎间椎体外腹突缺失、第一尾椎椎体腹视 T 形、前部尾椎横突远端前后向强烈扩展呈圆形、前部脉弧近端外侧面有两个被一斜脊分离的窝以及耻骨强烈向后弯曲。通过分析千禧中国鸟龙的96个骨骼学特征，发现其中21个特征支持奔龙类与鸟类的亲缘关系最近，9个特征支持奔龙类与伤齿龙类亲缘关系最近，25个特征支持奔龙类、伤齿龙类和鸟类亲缘关系较为接近。

In this paper,the Raman spectrum were used to study sapphire,dichroite,aquamarinl,topaz and kyanite,it is found that the characteristic Raman translocations of sapphire which are caused by Al-O vibration are 413cm-1,640cm-1 and 668cm-1,the characteristic Raman translocations of dichroite which are caused by Si-O vibration are 550cm-1,662cm-1,964cm-1and 1176cm-1,the characteris.

本文通过对蓝宝石、堇青石、蓝色托帕石、海蓝宝石和蓝晶石的拉曼光谱进行测试与研究，得到蓝宝石具有由Al-O振动引起的特征拉曼位移413cm-1，640cm-1和668cm-1；堇青石具有由Si-O振动引起的特征拉曼位移550cm-1，662cm-1，964cm-1和1176cm-1；海蓝宝石具有由Si-O振动引起的特征拉曼位移678cm-1，1064cm-1，1232cm-1；蓝色托帕石具有由Si-O振动引起的特征拉曼位移844cm-1和924cm-1；蓝晶石具有由Si-O引起的特征拉曼位移933cm-1和1133cm-1。

Firstly, those useless to classify texts are filtered according the category document frequency distribution difference of each feature; and then in order to overcome the limitations of TF-IDF weighting formula a novel weighting formula called TF-CDF is presented . Calculate the weight of each feature according to TF-CDF and build the Vector Space Model for the entire corpus. To select significant features, a feature selection approach based on Variable Precision Rough Set is also proposed and implement with some SQL sentences combining the definitions of VPRS with the advantages of SQL sentences.

该文首先根据特征词的类别分布差异进行特征过滤；然后，分析传统的权值公式TF-IDF的缺点，采用改进的权值计算公式简记为TF-CDF，依据TF-CDF公式计算每个特征词的权值，生成文档集的向量空间模型VSM；接着，提出了一种基于可变精度粗糙理论的特征选择进一步选择对分类贡献度大的特征，并用SQL实现。

This paper analyzes generating elements of the city waterfront landscape—natural generating element and the expanded generating element.

文章分析了城市滨水景观生成元素——自然生成元素和扩展生成元素；总结了城市滨水空间构成特征：多维生态体系特征、生境场所特征和景观地标性特征；并以安徽省潜山县东关桥滨水景观为例，陈述了城市滨水的自然生成元素和扩展生成元素和特征以及生态空间构成实践。

The basal diameter, height of aerial stem, leaf length at middle stem, leaf width at middle stem, internode length at middle stem, internodes number and panicle length of 30 plants from every population were recorded. The statistics of morphological characters showed that the distribution trends of the averages of morphological characters are similar among populations. However, the coefficients of variation within population of 7 morphological characters were very different. The CV of internodes was largest and the CV of height was smallest within population. F-statistics showed that the differences of all morphological characters among populations were significant (P.01). But the differences among populations were different between different groups. The cluster analysis proved that all populations could be divided into three types: salty reed, freshwater reed and giant reed.

对来自每个种群的30个个体的基径、株高、中部叶长、中部叶宽、中部节间长、节间数、穗长7个形态特征的统计分析表明：各形态特征平均值在种群间的分布趋势相似，但变化幅度不同，株高、叶长等营养特征变化较大大，生殖特征穗长的变化较小；7个形态指标在种群内的平均变异度从大到小依次为中部节间长、中部叶宽、穗长、中部叶长、基径、节间数、株高，种群内的平均形态变异度与生境异质性有关；7个形态指标在种群间均差异显著，但多重比较分析显示显著差异主要存在于BZH、淡水生境种群和盐渍化生境种群之间，在相似生境种群间的形态差异不显著；以形态特征为依据的聚类分析支持将15个种群分为三类：盐生芦苇、淡水芦苇和巨型芦苇。

On the basis of making it clear that laterization includes such three integrated stages as weathering, micro-granularity and soil formation of laterite, the thesis illuminates characteristics of Kunming laterite in chemical composition, physical mechanics, composition of granules, fractal dimension of granularity and the connection of granules. The experiment using soil reinforced agent to solidify the laterite shows that the mechanical traits of laterite have been improved because of its involvement, the best compact indicators and shear strength ones increased and the indicators of laterites penetrability and compression decreased. The effects of reinforcement can be weighed through its coefficient and the mechanism of reinforcement can find the explanation in the effect of soil reinforced agent on the laterite granules, the changes in the electric double layer caused by soil reinforced agent and its enwrapping of laterite granules.

在明确红土化作用包括风化作用、微团粒化作用以及红土成土作用三个完整阶段的基础上，阐明了昆明红土的化学组成特征、物理力学特征、颗粒组成特征、颗粒粒度分维特征以及颗粒连接特征；土壤强固剂加固红土试验表明，土壤强固剂的加入，改善了红土的力学特性，提高了红土的最佳击实指标和抗剪强度指标，减小了红土的渗透性指标和压缩性指标，其加固效果用加固效果系数来衡量，其加固机理可用土壤强固剂与红土颗粒之间的物理化学作用、土壤强固剂引起红土双电层的变化以及土壤强固剂对红土颗粒的包裹作用来解释。

In this chapter, three kinds of target recognition methods are performed, which are:①Target recognition method based on the description of polarization parameter plane. The echo polarization states of target are projected onto the polarization state plane described by the ellipticity ε and the tilt angle τ of the polarization ellipse, the change of parameter following ferquency becomes the chart. According to the changing trait of the chart, the multidimensional polarization feature space of target has been contructed. Furthermore, a series of polarization feature parameters used in designing the structure of target recognition device are extracted, and they are insensible to the posture of target.②Target recognition method based on the description of Poincare polarization sphere. The echo polarization states of target expressed by Stokes vector are projected onto the Poincare polarization sphere. The conception of polarization ferquency stability, which is used in describing the dynamic distribution characteristics of the target echo polarization states on Poincare polarization sphere, has been defined. A group of polarization feature parameters used in designing the structure of target recognition device are extracted, and they are insensible to the posture of target.③Target recognition method based on the description of frequency sensitivity. In accordance with the conception of the polarization state distance defined on Poincare polarization sphere, the frequency sensibility of the physical structure property of target has been investigated, the frequency distribution feature curves in PSD domain are obtained, and targets'features are extracted by means of the curve-fitting method with Least Square Criterion.

这章具体研究了基于三种极化散射特性描述的相应的目标识别方法：①基于极化参数平面描述的目标识别方法，将目标回波极化状态投影到以极化椭圆参数，即椭圆率角ε和倾角τ表征的极化状态平面上，参数随观测频率的变化就形成了图，根据图的变化特点构造了目标的多维极化特征空间，并提取了不敏感目标姿态变化的极化特征参数组来设计目标的识别器结构；②基于Poincare极化球面描述的目标识别方法，采用Stokes矢量表征目标回波的极化状态，并将其投影到描述极化状态的Poincare极化球面上，定义了极化频率稳定度的概念用以刻画目标回波极化状态在Poincare极化球面上的动态分布信息，提取了准方位不变性的目标极化特征，最后设计了目标的识别器结构；③基于频率敏感性描述的目标识别方法，通过在Poincare极化球面上所定义的极化状态距离的概念，研究的是复杂目标物理结构特性对探测信号频率的敏感程度问题，获得了在极化状态距离下的频率分布特性曲线，采用最小二乘估计曲线拟合方法，它既用于极化特征的降维，同时又直接将拟合参数作为目标的分类特征。

The first type is the scanner signature files that provides a Kodak, Agfa or Fuji company's standard quadrochromatic and the quadrochromatic standard data, use of scanner input these quadrochromatic, scan data and the difference between the standard quadrochromatic data reflects the scanner's properties; the second is the display characteristics of the file, which provides software that you can detect your display's color temperature, and then generate a color swatch on the screen, these swatches of information reflects the characteristics of the display; and the third being the print device signature files, it also provides a suite of software, the software in a computer-generated that contains hundreds of color swatch in the graphic, and then the graphic output on the output device, if it is a printer, printing press with respect to direct proof in respect of the first film, proofing and printing, the image on the output measure that is a reflection of the print device's characteristics file information.

第一类是扫描仪特征文件，它供应了柯达、爱克发、富士公司的尺度草稿及这些草稿的尺度数据，诳骗扫描仪不输不入这些草稿，扫描数据与尺度草稿数据的差值反响了扫描仪的共性；第二类是表现器的特征文件，它供应了一些软件，可测不入表现器的色温，然后在屏幕上天生一色块，这些色块新闻反响不入了表现器的特征；第不一类为打印摆设的特征文件，它也供应了一套软件，该软件在计算机洋天生一个含有数百个色块的图形，然后不兵图形在输不入摆设上输不入，如果是打印机不离间接打样，印刷机不离不后不入胶片、打样再印刷，差这些输不入的图像举行丈度即反响不入打印摆设的特征文件新闻。

This is not an ordinary box, which is used as a background picture of the dialog box, very pretty.

详细说明：这可不是一个一般的对话框，它是用图片作为背景的对话框，非常好看。

Conceal me what I am,and be my aid for such disguise as haply shall become the form of my intent.

遮掩我的身份，帮助我，我的面具将成为我的目的。