物质波

In his later career, de Broglie worked to develop a causal explanation of wave mechanics, in opposition to the wholly probabilistic models which dominate quantum mechanical theory.

他的物质波理论是在没有得到任何已知事实支持的情况下提出来的，这就使得答辩委员会对物质波的真实性存在疑虑，答辩委员会主席佩兰就提出了物质波如何用实验来证实的问题。

In this paper,theoretical analyses about the origin of mass and matter wave are made by researching on the quantum dynamics of an elementary particle,and the internal connections between the relativity and matter wave are revealed also.

通过对基本粒子量子动力学的研究，对物质波和质量的起源等问题作了相应的理论分析，同时进一步揭示了相对论和物质波之间的内在联系。

The observations of dark and bright matter wave solitons,the study of matter wave solitons have been one of the hot issues in the fields of both low-temperature physics and condensed matter physics due to their potential application.

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中的暗，亮物质波孤子的成功观测及它们的潜在的应用前景，也使玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中的物质波孤子成为了当前低温物理和凝聚态物理研究领域的研究热点之一。

The mechanical wave of a micro particle propagates through its matter wave and the spare energy discharged during the exchange from the state of stimulus back to the old position spread through the mechanical wave. Meanwhile, matter micro particle can be passed through the energy that frees it from the state of stimulus. All this leads to the wave-particle duality phenomenon, and based on that, the theory of quantum was established.

微粒的机械波以它的物质波为媒介进行传播，并且微粒从激发状态回到原来的位置所放出的多余能量能够随机械波传递，同时物质微粒能够随着使它可以逃脱激发状态的能量进行传递的这一过程，就出现了物质的波粒二象性现象，根据这一现象，建立起来的新理论就是量子学理论。

From the perspective of matter wave in quantum mechanics, this paper, by describing the wave function of microcosmic particle and using probability wave, derives the distributive regularity of light intensity of the single slit diffraction and circular aperture diffraction.

光具有波粒二象性，从量子力学的物质波出发，利用描述微观粒子的波函数，采用几率波的方法，导出光的单缝衍射和圆孔衍射的光强分布规律，所得结果与波动光学中用惠更新－菲涅耳原理得到的结果一致。

The above multiple changes will produce 2 kinds of waves, Matter waves and mechanical waves that spread at the same time. Because the electromagnetic wave is a matter wave, it is the medium. Since the multiple exchanges of the electrons state can be regarded as electrical vibration, and the vibrated electrons have magnetic fields and electrical fields at the same time, the electromagnetic wave will be produced. Then, because the electron itself is a matter micro particle, it can produce mechanical waves which can propagate outside with electrical magnetic waves.

这种状态改变的多次往复，就会产生两种波，一种物质波，即电磁波；一种机械波，并且这种机械波是以同次产生的电磁波为媒质进行传播的，，这是因为本种状态的多次往复，可以看作是一种电子振动，振动的电子同时具有磁场和电场，所以能够产生电磁波，又因为电子本身是一个物质微粒所以他能够产生机械波，并且是横波，并随电磁波进行向外传播。

The mechanical wave of a micro particle propagatesthrough its matter wave and the spare energy discharged during theexchange from the state of stimulus back to the old position spreadthrough the mechanical wave. Meanwhile, matter micro particle canbe passed through the energy that frees it from the state ofstimulus. All this leads to the wave-particle duality phenomenon,and based on that, the theory of quantum was established.

微粒的机械波以它的物质波为媒介进行传播，并且微粒从激发状态回到原来的位置所放出的多余能量是随机械波传递，同时物质微粒能够随着使它可以逃脱激发状态的能量进行传递的这一过程，就出现了物质的波粒二象性现象，根据这一现象，建立起来的新理论就是量子学理论。

This included the wave-particle duality theory of matter, based on the work of Albert Einstein and Planck on light.

他的博士论文包括了近两年研究的一些成果，比较系统地论述了物质波理论，得到物质波的一些重要结果。

In this lecture, the study content of nonlinear atom optics and their experimental results and recent progress are introduced in some detail, which includes atomic solitons, four-wave mixing, slow light group-velocity and superluminal light, superfluid and vortex, Josephson effect and phase-coherent amplification of atomic matter waves, and so on

文章重点介绍了非线性原子光学的研究内容、实验结果及其最新进展，主要包括原子孤子、原子物质波中的四波混频、光速减慢与负群速现象、超流及涡流、Josephson效应和物质波的相位相干放大等。

The above multiple changes will produce 2 kinds ofwaves, Matter waves and mechanical wavesthat spread at the same time. Because the electromagnetic wave is amatter wave, it is the medium. Since the multiple exchanges of theelectrons state can be regarded as electrical vibration, and thevibrated electrons have magnetic fields and electrical fields at the same time, the electromagnetic wave will be produced. Then, because the electron itselfis a matter micro particle, it can producemechanical waves which can propagate outside withelectrical magnetic waves.

这种状态改变的多次往复，就会产生两种波，一种物质波，即电磁波；一种机械波，并且这种机械波是以同次产生的电磁波为媒质进行传播的，，这是因为本种状态的多次往复，可以看作是一种电子振动，振动的电子同时具有磁场和电场，所以能够产生电磁波，又因为电子本身是一个物质微粒所以他能够产生机械波，并且是横波，并随电磁波进行向外传播。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。