煤

The said thermal shock treatment method improves the caking capacity and coking capacity of coal, and it is good to use the low degree of coalification coal which is cheap and abundant instead of the binding coal which is lack.

本发明的提高低煤化度煤结焦性的热冲击处理方法，可明显改善低煤化度煤的粘结性、结焦性，可在炼焦厂现有的装备水平下，实现多配价廉低灰和资源相对丰富的低煤化度煤，缓解强粘煤资源的紧缺状况。

The coal feeder consists of mainly a coal bin with coal feeding cylinder inside it, a gate plate over the cylinder, an upper sieve plate below one side of the cylinder, and at least a lower sieve plate with opposite dip to the upper one below the other side of the cylinder and below the upper sieve plate.

该方案主要是由煤斗及煤斗内的给煤滚筒，在给煤滚筒上的闸板和给煤滚筒侧下方的上筛分板，在给煤滚筒的另一侧下方，上筛分板的下方，有至少一个与上筛分板倾斜角度相反的下筛分板。

Through similar simulation test of block top-coal drawing, the influence of coal block size and block position in top coal on the recovery ratio and drawing manner is studied. It is found that the drawing manner has the different adaptation to the top coal which has different block distribution. The caving capacity is mainly decided by the block size. The top-coal which has layer difference of block with the same size has different recovery ratio. It is shown, that, to the given top-coal blocks, the recovery ratio of uniformly mixed blocks is maximal in the manner of drawing at interval of one support.

研究表明，顶煤块体大小是影响顶煤回收效果的主要因素，在顶煤块径一定的条件下，块体层位分布不同是造成顶煤回收率差异的主要原因，研究表明各级块度均匀混合时顶煤回收效果最好，块度从下向上增大分布次之，大块为中位顶煤时回收效果最差；各种放煤方式的适应性不同，各级块度均匀混合的顶煤适合用间隔放煤；块度从下向上增大适合用顺序放煤；大块在顶煤中位分布时，中硬煤以下适合用间隔放煤，硬煤应采用顺序放煤方式。

Supporting type is suggested to be developed into 3-prop to improve adaptability besides 2-prop and 4-prop. The difference of caving difficulty degree of coal seam is the base of caving coal method at high, medium and low position. Caving with small step and open caving flashboard used widely not only cause serious mixture of coal and rock but also hinder the improvement of top coal recovery. So we suggest caving with large step or closing caving door. Four-bar-mechanism of hydraulic support restricts development of new style caving powered support. Stabilization framework of expansion link and all-shield caving tail beam at high, medium and low position are introduced here.

支架支护型式，除了两柱、四柱以外，建议开发三柱支架以改善适应性；煤层冒放性的差异，是高位、中位和低位放煤方法存在和使用的依据；目前广泛采用的小步距放煤和开放式放煤插板不仅造成严重混矸漏矸，也妨碍顶煤回收率的进一步提高，建议采用大步距放煤和可关闭放煤口；液压支架四连杆稳定机构，制约了新型放顶煤液压支架的开发，介绍了液压支架伸缩杆稳定机构及全掩护拖移高位、中位和低位放煤尾梁。

Sedimentary control of coalbed methane in this region were expounded according to the control and influence of sedimentation on coal gathering action (thickness of coal reservoirs, distributing and coal-bearing characteristics), on forming and distributing, maceral, organic facies and coalfacies, cap formation types and their sealing capability of adjoining rock.

根据沉积作用对聚煤作用（煤储层的厚度、分布及含煤性特征），对煤储层的形成与展布、煤岩组成、有机相和煤相、顶底板盖层类型与封盖性能的控制和影响，讨论了沉积作用的控气特征。

The development of using coal petrography blending in steel enterprises from early time to present-day as well as the more mature coal petrography blending methods existing in our country and outside is summarized,and point out that the coal petrography blending in our country should be developed deeply in the future.

从早期到现代对国内外利用煤岩学配煤在钢铁企业的发展历程进行了综述，总结了我国现有的较成熟的煤岩配煤方法，最后指出我国的煤岩配煤还有待深入发展。

Five typical coals of low-to-medium rank (Huolinhe brown coal, Majiata non-caking coal, Datong weakly caking coal, Huozhou gas coal, Lingshi fat coal) and their macerals are prepared. The molecular structure and the oxygen functional groups of the selected coals and their macerals are studied by means of the conventional coal properties analysis, chemical analysis and the advanced instrumental methods such as FTIR,XRIK 13C-NMR.N XPS. The molecular structure characteristics, regularities and the results are discussed. Additionally, the total oxygen content and distribution characteristics of different oxygen functional groups in the raw coals and their macerals are studied.

本文中选取了中低变质程度煤中的五种典型煤种——霍林河褐煤、马家塔不粘煤、大同弱粘煤、霍州气煤、灵石肥煤以及它们的不同显微组分作为研究对象，采用了常规的煤质分析、化学分析法以及先进的仪器分析法如傅立叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射、高分辨固体~(13)C核磁共振谱~(13C-NMR及X光电子能谱等方法，全面地研究分析了所选煤样的惰质组、镜质组的分子结构及煤中氧的赋存形态，得到所选煤样惰质组分的分子结构特征及结构参数，分析比较了惰质组与镜质组在分子结构上的差异性，并讨论了惰质组分的分子结构特征及结构参数随煤变质程度的变化规律；同时，通过研究得到了所选原煤样及其显微组分中总氧含量及各种不同类型含氧官能团的含量分布特征。

The foreign materials in the coal may damage the belt feeding, thus dandruff comb shall be installed on the top of the coal receiving hopper of the tipper.

a。带式给煤机作为翻车机受煤斗配煤用，煤中的杂物可能造成带式给煤机的损坏，在翻车机受煤斗上部应装有篦子，翻车机翻卸完煤后，运行人员应将留在篦子上的杂物捡出，如果将杂物捅进煤斗则会造成皮带的损坏和堵煤，影响卸车。

Intensity with can divide into according to coal its: Brown coal , jet coal , glue coal,, weak to glue coal , 1/2 glue coal , bottle coal , gas rich coal , fat coal , 1/3 coking coal , coking coal ,, lean coal It is complete that Yunnan coal has type , coal, it is numerous to become coal one, resources are abundant , the characteristic that it is unbalanced (poor in the east richness , the west ) to be distributed, verify the reserves 22,400 milliont of the colliery , reserves 24,060 milliont totally in Yunnan.

按其煤化程度不同可分为：褐煤、长焰煤、不粘煤、弱粘煤、1/2中粘煤、气煤、气肥煤、肥煤、1/3焦煤、焦煤、瘦煤、贫瘦煤、贫煤、无烟煤。云南煤炭具有类型、煤种齐全，成煤期众多，资源丰富，分布不均衡的特点，云南累计探明煤矿储量224.0亿t，保有储量240.6亿t。

The results indicate the mutual effect exists between the single coals, which could increase the maximum of thermal weight loss obviously and has a small effect on the temperature extent of the weight loss. The main pyrolysis production of coal is coke, but the main production of waste plastics is tar; the yield of water became decrease and the gas became increase by adding the waste plastics. And the CRI and CSR decreased with the ratio of waste plastics in coal. The main ingredients of tar from blend coal are aromatic hydrocarbon and alkane, while those of waste plastics are alkane and alkene. The result of co-coking with coal and waste plastics make the light tar and the aromatic hydrocarbon increase obviously. The combustible ingredient(CO、H2、CH4) of gas from co-coking with coal increase at different ratio; Co-coking with coal and waste plastics could increase the combustible ingredient and thermal value of gas.

结果表明，废塑料与煤混合物在煤的塑性温度区间内存在明显的相互作用，使最大热解失重峰迁移，热解速率变大，且随着废塑料配比的增加呈现规律性的变化；煤热解产物固体焦炭为主，而废塑料的热解产物以焦油为主，废塑料的添加使得总体焦炭和水产率下降，焦炉煤气和焦油的产率增加，即共焦化呈现出明显的&增油减水&效应；随着塑料添加量的增加，焦炭热强度呈现劣化趋势；废塑料代替瘦煤配煤炼焦可使其比例提高到3%而不影响焦炭的质量；纯煤焦化所得焦油以芳香烃类和烷烃类为主，而废塑料热解焦油以烷烃和烯烃为主；废塑料配煤炼焦，可使得的焦油呈现&环构化&和&轻质化&趋势；废塑料的添加可使煤气中的可燃组分(CO、H2、CH4)的含量均有不同程度的增加；废塑料配煤炼焦可以优化焦炉煤气的组成，增加煤气中的可燃组分，提高焦炉煤气的热值。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。