灌溉

By analyzing soil quality of 4 kinds of land use types in Kalamay agriculture development area according to principal component analysis, we draw the conclusions: nature shrub tree land is affected little by mankind, a great deal of organic matter return to soil every year, and root system can improve soil physical quality, can absorb salt from soil, so the soil quality of nature shrub tree land is the best; the soil quality of farmland is better than the soil quality of manpower Tamarix Bulrush land, which may be reasoned that man make for soil quality by irrigation to exclude salt and fertilizing organic muck in the earlier oasis digging up period. Soil physical qualities of tree land get harden and worsen for flooding irrigation, furthermore climate in Kalamay is dry and rainless , the other irrigation is very long time after the former one, so soil get harden severity and result soil physical quality get worse and worse.

利用主成分分析法分析新疆克拉玛依农业开发区四种土地利用方式下的土壤质量，得出：天然灌木林地，受人为影响较小，每年有大量有机物质返还土壤，且天然灌木的根系可以很好的改良土壤的物理性质，同时所选天然灌木林灌木多是耐盐碱并且本身又具有吸收积累来自土壤的盐分，土壤质量最好；农田受到的人为影响最大，但农田综合得分却好于人工柽柳芦苇地综合得分，这可能是由于在开垦初期的绿洲农田，受到了人们灌水压盐及增施各种有机无机肥料等有利于土壤质量提高的措施所致；乔木林地，由于人们用大水漫灌的方式灌溉，致使林地土壤变得板结，土壤物理性质下降，加上克拉玛依地区气候干燥少雨，一次灌溉后较长时间后才有下一次灌溉，致使土壤理化性质恶化，土壤质量不高。

With assistance from predecesors and collegues,we tried our best to make several kinds of research and suggested a new thinking mode on the method of dryland ir rigation in Guizhou karst mountain ares.

贵州借助前人、同仁和本课题研究工作，对旱地灌溉方式问题进行几种不同的研究，向社会公诸一个解决贵州岩溶山区旱地灌溉的一种新思维方式，并提供旱地灌溉的一种最佳模式。

The results show that, under each drip irrigation treatment before the tasselling stage of spring maize, the fluctuation of average soil water content and soil matric potential at different soil depthes are comparative low under high frequency drip irrigation treatment, and the HDI can hold stable soil water content. The drip irrigation can obviously delay the effect of air temperature on the soil temperature, which was influenced by irrigation process, soil water content and crop growth stages. In addition, the irrigation frequency affects the spring maize root distribution in the soil, and the HDI improves the probability of root distribution in upper soil(0~40 cm). The yield difference of spring maize for irrigation frequency treatments is not significant under the typical field irrigation model combined irrigation with precipitation.

试验结果表明：在春玉米抽雄期以前阶段实施的滴灌各处理中，高频滴灌下土壤平均含水率和不同深度处的土壤基质势波动幅度较小，高频滴灌下土壤水分能保持在一个比较稳定的范围；土壤温度受灌水过程、土壤含水率及作物生育阶段的影响较明显，滴灌能显著延迟气温对土壤温度的影响；灌水频率对春玉米根系分布存在一定影响，高频灌溉能显著促进春玉米根系在上层土壤(0～40 cm)中的分布；此外，在这种典型的灌溉和降雨相结合灌溉模式下，不同灌水频率下玉米产量差异不显著。

The surface irrigation occupies 95% of the total irrigated area, the border irrigation is the main method in surface irrigation, so there is much importance in researching on the border irrigation water-saving means.

地面灌溉占我国灌溉总面积的95％，其中畦灌又是地面灌溉的主要方式，研究畦灌中的节水措施对于发展农业节水具有重要意义。

There are five methods of applying irrigation water to fields-flooding,furrow irrigation,sprinkling,sub-irrigation,and trickle irrigation.

有五种方法用于水利灌溉：土地漫灌，垄沟灌溉，喷洒法，地下灌溉和滴灌法。

However, West States and Territories incapability to construct irrigation projects. Practice indicated that only Federal Government has ability to construct irrigation engineering.

但是《凯里法》的实践证明，西部各州和领地无力承担发展西部灌溉业的重任，只有联邦政府才有能力修建灌溉工程，发展灌溉农业。

For example, all households of a community may have rights to draw water for domestic purposes, animal owners may have the right to water their herds or flocksat certain places, farmers who invested in building an irrigation system may have rights to divert water for their crops, while the village community, irrigators' association, or the state may have the right to decide on the timing of water use, changes to the river, and granting of permissionto new users.

例如，一个社区的所有家庭可以有权取用生活用水，牲畜所有者有权在一地点为其牲畜喂水，投资建设了灌溉系统的农民有权引水灌溉作物，而村庄、灌溉者协会或者国家有权决定用水的时间、河流的改造和向新用户发放许可证等事宜。

The observation period was divided into three sub-seasons according the phenology of waterbirds that wintering at the lake, namely: early winter , mid winter , and late winter . Ruddy Shelducks did not evenly distribute in the five habitat types during winter.

即使是在越冬中期，在农田中取食的赤麻鸭对整个农田生境的利用强度也并非一致；它们偏好于在潮湿的农田（灌溉不久或者是正在灌溉的农田）中取食或者是活动，而尽量避免在干燥的农田（近期内没有被灌溉的农田）中取食或活动。

The results of yield and water use efficiency in field show that yield can not reduce, butwater use efficiency can increase significantly from 〓 to 〓 when alternateirrigation by interval furrow compared to the well-irrigated plant. In 1997 and 1998,the resultsof field trails show that seeds yield is above 8000kg/ha meanwhile irrigation water can save from〓 to 〓 or 〓, about more than 33% water can be saved, water-saving profit is significant.

大田小区试验产量和用水效率结果表明：隔行交替灌溉后灌溉用水效率明显增加，可由常规灌水的〓提高到〓以上，总用水效率〓以上，1997-1998年两年试验结果表明籽粒产量保持8000kg/ha以上高产水平的同时灌溉用水量可由〓降至〓，甚至〓，节水达33.3％以上而不引起产量下降，节水效益显著。

For example, the irrigation water should reach the end of the rows in two hours out of an eight hour irrigation period or three hours out of a twelve-hour period.

总灌水时间为8小时，灌溉水流应在2小时内到达尾沟；总灌溉时间为12小时，灌溉水流应在3小时内流到尾沟。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。