温度不均匀分布

In one side, the asymmetry of flow beget vortex and the separation of airflow which is the cause of pressure losses.

首先流动的不均匀性，一方面产生涡流和气流分离现象，引起流动阻力的增加；另一方面，造成温度分布的不均匀。

The effect of fluid flow nonuniformity on heat exchanger's efficiency is the most important one among them because it can intensify longitudinal wall heat conduction and the maldistribution of interior temperature.

因为物流分配的不均匀会加剧换热器内部温度场分布不均匀和纵向传热，从而加剧了换热器整体效能的下降，所以物流分配不均匀性对换热器效能的影响在三者中是最主要的。

ISO834 and parametric equation approach are lack of pertinence. The results may be too conservative. The temperature obtained by zone model is low, so that it is not suitable for the performance-based fire protection design on this structure. Field model considers the heterogeneity of environmental temperature, and its result is close to the real fire, so that it is commended to the performance-based fire protection design on steel staggered-truss structure.

国际标准升温曲线和参数化室内升温曲线不考虑火源功率、建筑通风口等因素，缺乏针对性，分析结果偏于保守；区域模型所得温度偏低，不宜用于交错桁架结构的性能化抗火设计；场模型考虑了火源功率及环境温度分布的不均匀性，和实际火灾较接近，计算结果相对较为准确，可用于结构的性能化防火设计。

The results show that(1)the barrier and passage effects of longitudinal range-gorge break the law of zonal distribution of air temperature in Yunnan,the law of longitudinal distribution of air temperature is obvious and the spatial distribution is very zonally asymmetry;(2)under the effect .

结果表明：(1)纵向岭谷地形的"阻隔—通道"作用，使云南温度的纬向分布规律被破坏，经向分布规律比较明显，空间分布极不均匀；(2)纵向岭谷作用下云南热量地域分布差异显著，南部热量丰富，北部欠缺，西部比东部丰富，河谷地区热量最丰富，滇西北及山区热量最贫乏；(3)6、7月热量最丰沛，1月最为贫乏，春季热量好于秋季；(4)近30 a云南年平均气温有明显的上升趋势，存在明显的7 a、11 a、18 a周期振荡；(5)云南年平均气温具有大范围位相一致的变化趋势及东部冷与西部暖的变化类型。

Through designing of composition and structure of the bioactive graded coating,innerstress and its distribution in the coating were analyzed and calculated, the resultsshowed that when composition distribution coefficient n was 1.5, a reasonable stressdistribution could be got, that was at the beginning of deposition the suspension containingrichly BG granules was used so that a rich BG granules layer, a good transitional layerbetween BG layer at the bottom and the coating could be obtained at the titanium alloy side,the bottom of the coating; the stress value near the interface and surface and its character,pressure stress or tensile stress, were decided by the character of its composition itself.Changing composition distribution coefficient n could only change the variation tendency ofstress in the coating, but did not change the stress distribution rule in the coating. Thethinner the coating is, the sharper stress variation in the coating is, which does not mean thatthicker coating is better because the thicker the coating is, the little the permitteddeformation of coating is, so the coating thickness should be thinner, for example, about50μm for bending applications, but for applications only bearing pure shear stress, such asroot of tooth implant, the coating can be thicker little, for instance, about 80～100μm. The study on electrification characteristic and electrophoresis deposition of HAand BG granules in aqueous and non-aqueous solution system found that EPD almost didn'toccur in aqueous solution system. However, because HA granules take position charges inabsolute alcohol, a homogeneous EPD be carried out on the cathode titanium alloy slice, but taking negative charge in absolute alcohol the BG granules not be deposited on the cathode. A guided HA crystallizing, 100～300nm, on surface of the BG granules be realized by metathetical reaction, which cover BG granules with HA microcrystals and make the covered BG granules taking position charges in absolute alcohol, sequentially realize the EPCD of the BG and HA granules on the cathode, so it is feasible to make a titanium alloy/BG/HA bioactive graded coating by making use of EPCD technology. The corrosion experiment of rich boron bioglass coating and plasma spray coating showed that split phase, rich boron and rich silicon phase, occurred during its preparation. In basic medium the corrosion behavior of 〓 BG coating showed uniformity corrosion, the corrosion mostly occurred at rich boron phase area, therefore batch formula design of BGshould avoid the occurring of split phase. The corrosion appearance of plasma spray coatingappeared a non-uniform corrosion, mostly occurred at the edge of the laminated HA moltendrops, and emerged an accelerated corrosion tendency, which will easyly lead to corrosioncrackles extending to the interface and the happening of osmotic interfacial corrosion, thatmay be one of the major reasons leading to the coating cracking-off in the later period. Thetesting results of thermal expansion coefficient of 〓 and 〓BG showed the thermalexpansion coefficient of 〓 BG matched with that of titanium alloy better, and 〓 BG couldsinter with titanium alloy into densification enamel layer at low temperature (720℃).

将Ti6Al4V合金在1000℃下进行真空热处理会降低其力学性能，且合金内的V元素会向表面富集，因此，钛合金真空热处理和表面涂层的烧结温度不能过高，即应低于其相转变点；通过对生物活性梯度涂层的组成和结构的设计，分析和计算了梯度涂层内的应力大小和分布，结果表明：对于本研究，当成分分布系数n=1.5时，可以获得较合理的涂层力学性能，即在沉积开始时，采用富含BG颗粒的悬浮液，以便在钛合金侧获得同底层BG有良好过渡的富BG涂层；梯度涂层界面和表面的应力大小、性质由材料组成本身的性质决定，改变成分分布系数，只能改变涂层内应力变化的趋势；涂层的厚薄不影响涂层内的应力分布规律，但涂层越薄，涂层内的应力变化越快，但这并不意味着涂层越厚越好，因为涂层越厚，涂层允许的变形越小，对于应用于弯曲受力部位的涂层而言，涂层应薄一点为好(50μm)；而对于仅纯受剪切应力的部位，如牙根种植体，涂层可适当加厚(80～100μm)；通过对HA和BG颗粒在水溶液体系和非水溶液体系中的带电特性和电泳沉积的研究发现，它们在水溶液体系中很难发生电沉积；在无水乙醇溶液中，HA颗粒带正电，可在阴极钛合金片上发生均匀的电泳沉积，而BG颗粒则带负电荷；利用复分解反应法，可以制得100～300nm的HA，通过诱导HA在BG颗粒表面结晶，可对BG颗粒进行表面包覆，获得了被HA包覆的BG颗粒，改变了BG颗粒表面的带电特性，使BG和HA颗粒在无水乙醇中均带上正电荷，从而实现了HA和BG颗粒在阴极上的共沉积。

The experimental results show that the SOM method can get the best result for lesion recognition, the recognition rate of pork tissue and liver tissue are 96.1% and 91.7%, respectively. The recognition rate for PCA-LDA method is lower than that of SOM method because the feature of tissue lesion is linear indivisible.An effective clinic scheme is developed for NETE, and some problems are discussed. For example, nonuniform temperature field conduced by nonuniform energy field; tissue database construction; movement of HIFU transducer with ultrasonic transducer; rectification of HIFU parameters.

临床方案做了总体设计，并讨论了在临床应用中需要考虑的一些问题，如因HIFU辐射能量分布不均匀导致的焦域的温度场不均匀的问题，数据库的建立问题，HIFU换能器和超声探头的位移的问题以及HIFU辐射参数的确定问题等。

It is found that the spatial distribution of atmospheric aerosol is ununiform in horizontal direction and stratified in vertical direction.

观测资料表明，在大气温度和湿度水平均匀、层结稳定的情况下，气溶胶粒子浓度水平分布不均匀，而且垂直方向上也并不随高度单调递减。

Friction on the die/sample interface, as well as imhomoginiety of temperature distribution in the samples is studied to account for the deformation imhomogeniety, and the two factors lead to the barrelling and fold-over of the samples during compression.

其直接原因是样品和压头间的接触摩擦条件随温度升高和Z值的降低而恶化，并导致样品出现腰鼓和侧翻等不均匀变化现象。合金压缩时的温度分布不均也是导致出现不均匀变形的原因之一。

In accordance with the classic thermal conduction equation and the linear elastic dynamics equation, this paper analyzed the changing of material's optical and thermal physical properties under laser irradiation.

数值结果表明：材料内部的瞬态温度场分布在一个很小的局部区域，该区域存在很大的温度梯度，且分布极不均匀，材料热物理参数随温度的变化对整个瞬态温度场的影响很大。

There are several reasons for this: injection technology (usually featured by 128-cavity moulds) makes it extremely difficult to maintain uniform temperatures, to ensure uniform distribution of plastic etc. So outgoing pieces are not all the same and, because bottling lines are ever-faster, any downtimes caused by cap quality problems can inflict economic damages on the producer that are much higher than the unit cost of the individual cap.

这是有：注射技术的若干（通常是由在128腔模具）的原因使得很难保持均匀的温度，以确保即将离任件，所以不是所有的一样的，塑料等均匀分布，因为瓶装生产线是不断更快，任何停工时间造成的帽子质量问题可以对生产造成的是比个人帽的单位成本高得多的经济损失。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。