混凝土

At present, China's traditional concrete products, such as concrete and reinforced concrete pipes, self-stress pipes, prestressed pipe, reinforced concrete pole, and prestressed concrete poles, prestressed concrete sleeper, asbestos cement, and in the small Bova Bova, asbestos cement tubes, etc., these products production capacity and actual production, most of them can meet the needs of the market, there are many species more than the actual market requirements.

目前，我国传统的水泥制品，如混凝土和钢筋混凝土排水管、自应力管、预应力管、钢筋混凝土电杆和预应力混凝土电杆、预应力混凝土轨枕、石棉水泥小波瓦和中波瓦、石棉水泥管等，这些产品的生产能力和实际产量，大都能满足市场需要，有许多品种已超过市场的实际需要量。

The result indicates that the high pH concrete pore solution can reduce corrosion of Cl~ on the carbonize steel.

结果表明，高pH值的混凝土孔隙液能减缓氯离子对碳钢的腐蚀；当pH≥13.6时，在NaC l浓度小于3%的混凝土孔隙液中，碳钢表面因生成钝化膜而不被腐蚀；当pH≤9时，混凝土孔隙液中无论是否存在C l-，碳钢均会被腐蚀；当pH=12.5时，混凝土孔隙液中NaC l浓度小于0.05%，碳钢则不被腐蚀；当混凝土孔隙液中的C l-浓度达到临界氯离子浓度时，碳钢表面的钝化膜开始损坏而被腐蚀，碳钢的腐蚀速度随着C l-浓度的增加而增大。

The influence of free surface on tunnels is discussed.The influence of blasting vibration on fresh concrete lining is studied. The finite element method is employed to analyze the spatial distribution of temperature and thermal stress of fresh concrete lining, the wave function expansion method is used to study the interaction of blasting seismic wave and the circular tunnel with lining, thenthe safe PPV of fresh concrete lining with different age is decided by taking into account the thermal stress of concrete lining. Using the conformal mapping method, the influence of blasting vibration on the arch tunnel with lining is studied and the safe PPV of concrete lining is deduced under different incident angle.

研究了爆破振动对新浇混凝土衬砌的影响，采用有限元法求出了圆形洞室新浇混凝土衬砌内温度和温度应力在空间上的分布及其随时间的变化，采用波函数展开法求解了爆破地震波与有衬砌圆形洞室的相互作用，获得了考虑新浇混凝土衬砌内温度应力前提下不同龄期的新浇混凝土衬砌的安全振速；利用保角变换研究了爆破振动对直墙拱形有衬砌隧洞的影响，得到了爆破地震波以不同角度入射时混凝土衬砌的安全振速。

Raise concrete impermeability to have line of two kinds of technologies normally, one kind is the impermeability; that the contact that cuts off infiltration and concrete through the 3rd medium will come to raise concrete another kind is the impermeability that will raise concrete through raising the close-grained sex of concrete oneself.

提高混凝土抗渗性通常有两种技术路线，一种是通过第三介质隔断渗透物和混凝土的接触来提高混凝土的抗渗性；另一种是通过提高混凝土自身的密实性来提高混凝土的抗渗性。

Micro expand concrete in the closed steel tube could counteract concrete shrink, and make concrete prestressed. As the result, it improves concrete intensity.

微膨胀混凝土在钢管拱桥中能够抵消混凝土本身的收缩，并使混凝土初始处于受压状态，从而改善混凝土的力学性能，因此在钢管混凝土拱桥中得到广泛应用。

Developing of concrete technology, containing the increasing of cement's activity, fineness, and the application spreadingly of admixtures, especially superplasticizers, the ratio of water/binder of concrete could be reduced remarkably, the effect of fly ash in concrete has been changed.

混凝土技术的发展，包括水泥活性、细度提高，以及化学外加剂，尤其是高效减水剂的广泛应用，混凝土水胶比可以大幅度降低，使粉煤灰在混凝土中的作用发生变化，充分认识这种变化带来的影响，推进粉煤灰在混凝土中大掺量地应用，可以改善混凝土的性能、节约水泥，有利于环境保护、节能，促进混凝土技术的可持续发展。

The SCC has the following advantages: remarkably reducing the noisy pollution and the worker s labor intensity in construction, deducing the rough surface or segregation because of missing-vibration or excessive-vibration in conventional construction, resolving the quality-defect problems resulting from lacking-vibration in the section of complex shapes and densely-packed reinforcement area. At the same time, large of industrial solid waste such as fly ash and blast furnace slag is utilized in the proportioning of SCC. It is helpful in comprehensive utilization of resource and environment protection, so the SCC belongs to "green concrete", it is a branch of HPC which will be developed in the future.

这种混凝土可以显著降低混凝土施工中的噪音污染；大幅度减轻工人的劳动强度；减少传统混凝土施工中因漏振或过振造成的麻面或离析；解决了配筋密集、结构复杂部位因振捣不足而造成的质量缺陷问题；同时，由于自密实混凝土在配制中，大量利用粉煤灰、高炉矿渣等工业固体废弃物，有利于资源的综合利用和生态环境的保护；从而被誉为&绿色混凝土&，是未来混凝土向高性能发展的方向之一。

It mainly contains the following things. At first, I bring for the way of anchoring two cementing slabs next to by using dog irons made of iron bars and then cover the surface of the road using bituminous concrete. After analyzing the feasibility of this method by using the famous and popular use soft ware ASYS, the results show the magnitude of the temperature stresses on the limited mat coat of the road has nothing to do with the length of the concrete slabs after covering it with bituminous concrete. Meanwhile, the relative horizontal shifting, the flexural-tensile strain, and the vertical shearing stress of the slabs next to it becomes the least after anchoring them with dog irons made of iron. Therefore it proves that it really works to use this method to prevent and slow down the speed of the reflection cracks in the bituminous concrete skin coat over the old road.

首先，提出采用钢筋马钉锚固相邻水泥混凝土板后再进行沥青混凝土罩面的新方法；采用国际著名的通用有限元软件ANSYS对其可行性进行了分析，结果表明在有限尺寸的板上进行沥青混凝土罩面后，罩面结构的温度应力的大小与板的长度几乎没有关系，同时采用钢筋马钉锚固相邻旧水泥混凝土板后，可以明显地减小相邻板的相对水平位移、接缝处罩面层底部的弯拉应变和垂直剪应变，从而表明该法对防止或减缓旧水泥混凝土路面上沥青混凝土罩面层的反射裂缝是确实可行的。

In order to investigate the physical mechanical and shrinkage properties of rubber concrete,and to invent a effective method to improve the strength of rubber concrete,this paper researched the influence of rubber crumb proportion on concrete strength,and the shrinkages of different rubber concretes were compared by employing regular concrete testing methods.

为了探讨橡胶集料混凝土的物理力学及收缩性能，寻求改善橡胶集料混凝土强度的方法，采用常规的普通混凝土物理性能实验方法研究了橡胶掺量对混凝土强度的影响，比较了不同橡胶集料混凝土的收缩情况，考察了可再分散胶粉对混凝土性能的影响。

Finally, according to the characteristics of the cast asphalt concrete, modified asphalt SMA, epoxy asphalt concrete and steel fiber reinforced concrete, different pavement forms are made up and analyzed. Pavement form which consists of the cast asphalt concrete at bonding layer and epoxy asphalt at wearing course performs well. Then the rational height of the layers is analyzed and it is compared with the pavement form which use steel fiber reinforced concrete at bonding layer.

最后，根据浇注式沥青混凝土、改性沥青SMA、环氧沥青混凝土以及钢纤维混凝土的特性进行铺装结构形式组合，分析不同铺装结构形式的受力性能，得到下层浇注式沥青混凝土上层环氧沥青混凝土的铺装结构形式是一种良好的铺装方案，同时着重分析其上下层厚度的合理取值，并将其与钢纤维混凝土下面层的铺装结构形式进行比较。

Objective To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 β converting enzyme gene on the biologic characteristics of ovarian cancer cells.

目的 探讨白细胞介素-1 β转换酶的表达，对卵巢癌细胞生物学特性的影响。

Campylobacter: This illness is the most commonly identified cause of diarrheal illness in the world.

弯曲：这种病是最常见的原因查明腹泻病，在世界上。