淀粉质

In contrast with the rapid nucleus degradation, cell organelles in cytoplasm, such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, amyloplast, and mitochondrion, maintained their metabolic functions for a longer time.

在核衰退的同时，其胞质中的粗面内质网、淀粉质体和线粒体等细胞器具有正常的代谢功能，细胞仍在合成并积累营养物质，淀粉胚乳细胞一边衰退一边行使其功能，直至死亡。

In addition, the role of the RER in protein body forming, the role of amyloplast envelope in amyloplast proliferating, the relations between nucleus and cytoplasm of starchy endosperm cells in rice, and the variation of nucleus in plant PCD, the roles of plasmalemma invagination, ER, Ca〓 and phosphatases during endosperm development were discussed.

本文对粗面内质网在蛋白体形成中的作用，淀粉质体被膜在淀粉质体增殖中的作用，淀粉胚乳细胞的核质关系，植物PCD中细胞核的变化，以及质膜内陷、内质网、Ca〓和磷酸水解酶在胚乳发育中的作用等进行了讨论。

The results indicated that amyloplast was filled with starch mostly at 10 days after pollination. Amyloplast developed into mature starch granule at 15 days after pollination. Starch granule arranged tightly with protein body at maturation period.

结果表明：授粉后10 d，淀粉质体几乎完全被淀粉充满；授粉后15 d，淀粉质体已发育为成熟的淀粉粒，成熟期淀粉粒与蛋白质体排列紧密。

In the process of nucleus degeneration, cell organella, for example, rough endoplasmic reticulum, amyloplast, and mitochondrion, maintained normally metabolic functions in cytoplasm, and nutrient substance was still synthesized and accumulated at the time of nuclear degeneration, the starchy endosperm cells carried out their functions until cell death simultaneously.

在核衰退的同时，其胞质中的粗面内质网、淀粉质体和线粒体等细胞器具有正常的代谢功能，细胞仍在合成并积累营养物质，淀粉胚乳细胞表现出一边衰退一边在行使其功能，直到细胞死亡。

These results suggested that many organella could all develop into amyloplast, variation of amyloplast envelope resulted in amylopast proliferation, RER played an important role in synthesis and deposition of protein, ER showed many functions during endosperm development, intercellular space and plasmalemma invagination played an important role in transportation of nutrients, degeneration of starchy endosperm nucleus was a special PCD, Ca〓 and phosphatases played an important role during endosperm development.

上述结果表明：多种细胞器可以趋同发育成淀粉质体，淀粉质体增殖来源于其被膜的活动，粗面内质网在蛋白质的合成与积累中具有重要作用，内质网在胚乳发育中具有多种功能，胞间隙和质膜内陷在营养物质的运输中具有重要作用，淀粉胚乳细胞核的衰退是一种特殊形式的编程性死亡，Ca〓和磷酸水解酶在胚乳发育中起重要作用。

The patterns of amyloplast proliferation behaved "amyloplast envelop dilating, evaginating, and budding to form new amyloplast","amyloplast envelop constricting to form new amyloplast","form new amyloplast as the middle clapboard" and "amyloplast envelope dilating and invaginating to form new amyloplast".

玉米胚乳细胞淀粉质体增殖有"被膜出泡、外凸，以出芽方式形成淀粉质体"、"淀粉质体被膜缢缩形成淀粉质体"、"以中间隔板形式形成淀粉质体"及"淀粉质体被膜向内出泡，在淀粉质体内形成新的淀粉质体"等几种方式。

The patterns of amyloplast proliferation behaved "amyloplast envelop dilating, evaginating, and budding to form new amyloplast","amyloplast envelop constricting to form new amyloplast","form new amyloplast as the middle clapboard" and "amyloplast envelope dilating and invigilating to form new amyloplast".

玉米胚乳细胞淀粉质体增殖有被膜出泡、外凸，以出芽方式形成淀粉质体；淀粉质体被膜缢缩形成淀粉质体；以中间隔板形式形成淀粉质体；淀粉质体被膜向内出泡，在淀粉质体内形成新的淀粉质体等几种方式。

The double membrane vesicle, which was produced by budding of the outer membrane of amyloplast, accumulated starch to form new amyloplast. The double membranes of amyloplast invaginated and the inner membrane dilated to form new amyloplast in the amyloplast.

淀粉质体增殖产生新淀粉质体有多种方式：出芽增殖、缢缩增殖、中间隔板增殖、被膜向内出泡或内陷增殖、被膜形成双层膜小泡再积累淀粉增殖，它们均是淀粉质体被膜的一种膜行为。

ER took part in cell wall material deposition during endosperm cell construction. ER rounded up matrix forming endocytic vacuole. ER cisterna swelling and accumulating starch developed into amyloplast. ER took part in protein synthesis and deposition, played a core role in protein body formation. ER swelled at the end to form many vesicles. ER was associated with the plasmodesmata, helped transporting nutrients at the development and differentiation stage.

内质网参与胚乳细胞构建中细胞壁物质的积累；内质网包裹基质形成吞噬体，为胚乳的发育提供营养；内质网槽库膨大，积累淀粉转变成淀粉质体；内质网参与蛋白质的合成与积累，在蛋白体的形成中处于核心地位；内质网末端节状膨胀，形成潴泡；灌浆高峰期内质网常与胞间连丝相连，有助于物质的运输。

The patterns of amyloplast proliferation behaved "amyloplast envelop dilating, evaginating, and budding to form new amyloplast","amyloplast envelop constricting to form new amyloplast","form new amyloplast as the middle clapboard" and "amyloplast envelope dilating and invaginating to form new amyloplast".

玉米胚乳细胞淀粉质体增殖有&被膜出泡、外凸，以出芽方式形成淀粉质体&、&淀粉质体被膜缢缩形成淀粉质体&、&以中间隔板形式形成淀粉质体&及&淀粉质体被膜向内出泡，在淀粉质体内形成新的淀粉质体&等几种方式。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。