测距仪

The total station instrument can be used to lay off and measure the distance, angle and coordinate. It is a new survey instrument which has been widely applied in mapping and construction.

全站仪集测距、测角、测坐标、放样等多功能于一体，是测绘、施工等方面广泛应用的一种新型测量仪器。

The central studied content is: the studying for the C and R in the distance measurement, the study for standard deviation of distance measurement of the total station instrument, the study and calculation of illustration for the formula of periodic error of the total station instrument, the checking of horizontal angle.

主要的研究内容有：全站仪测距加乘常数的分析，全站仪测距标准偏差的研究，全站仪周期误差公式的分析及其实例计算，全站仪水平角的检定(多齿分度台法和多目标平行光管法)，一测回水平方向标准偏差计算公式的分析，一测回竖直角标准偏差的合理性分析及其实例计算。

Combining with the research situation in domestic and abroad, the applications of chaotic laser in the areas of communication and measurement are introduced, such as chaotic secure communication, chaotic laser ladar, and chaotic optical time domain reflectometer.

结合国内外研究现状，简要介绍了混沌激光在通信及测量领域的应用，包括混沌保密通信、混沌激光雷达和混沌光时域反射仪等技术，并指出了混沌光通信与混沌激光测距的发展趋势。

Total Station Electronic Tachometer is a set of angle measurement, distance measurement, calculation of record in one of the new measuring instruments.

全站型电子速测仪是一种集测角，测距、计算记录于一体的新型测量仪器。

So, the study in this dissertation focuses on some key points in theuncertainty treatment of mobile robot localization as follows: Combined with the multiple proprioceptive and exteroceptive sensors ofmobile robot MORCS-1, aimed at the drift error of fiber optic gyro as theproprioceptive sensor, the neural network using genetic algorithm as optimaltool is proposed to accomplish the modeling and calibration for temperaturedrift of fiber optic gyro, which can reduce the drift error to the standard outputat constant temperature; and aimed at the noisy disturbance of ranging datafrom the exteroceptive sensor laser scanner, a dynamic adaptive filter isintroduced through the analysis of neighboring ranging data in time and spatialcorrelation to realize the real-time and dynamic filter, which can validly filter the noisy disturbance to meet the requirement of the accurately real-timeobstacle detection in mobile robot navigation.

总结全文，在移动机器人定位的不确定性处理研究中，提出了一些具有一定创新性的方法：结合自行研制的移动机器人MORCS-1系统的多种内外部定位传感器，针对内部本体感受传感器光纤陀螺仪的漂移误差，提出采用基于遗传算法优化的神经网络来对光纤陀螺仪的温漂建模及校准，能够将其温漂变化控制在恒温条件下标准测试输出附近；针对外部环境感知传感器激光雷达测距数据中包含的噪声干扰，考虑移动机器人导航中激光雷达测距数据的时空关联性，提出采用动态自适应滤波技术进行预处理，从而可以有效滤除噪声干扰满足导航中障碍实时精确检测的要求。

Modern and practical astronomy was developed in the 18th century, and successively from the theoretical and practical solution to the Sino-satellite instrument measuring time, too Seoul Scott multi-satellite measurements such as latitude, as well as simultaneous determination of longitude and latitude Supreme Court means the emergence of theodolite, contour instrument, the satellite instrument, zenith instrument, photographic zenith tube, sextant and other useful astronomical instruments, the most commonly used is the optical theodolite .20 century, all-round practical field of astronomy 60 years after the emergence of new technologies, such as satellite Dhoop Le observation and satellite laser ranging, not only the accuracy of more than optical observations, but also greatly improved operating speed, and can provide direct point of geocentric coordinates of the ground.

现代实用天文学是18世纪发展起来的，先后从理论和实践上解决了中星仪测时、太尔各特测纬以及多星等高法同时测定经度和纬度的方法，出现了经纬仪、等高仪、中星仪、天顶仪、照相天顶筒、六分仪等实用天文学仪器，最常用的是光学全能经纬仪。20世纪60年代以后实用天文学领域出现了崭新的技术，如人造卫星多普勒观测和人卫激光测距，不但精度超过光学观测，而且作业速度大大提高，并能直接提供地面点的地心坐标。

The paper introduces the latest development and application in the production of engineering survey technology. GPS allocation technology and the combination of GPS and total station have been widely used in plane surveying of control survey. Electron distance trigonometric leveling can replace third and fourth-order spirit leveling in vertical survey. Data collection, processing and drawing by total station has achieved automation and integration in topographic survey, etc.

随着工程测量技术的发展，控制测量中平面测量已广泛地采用了GPS定位技术、GPS与全站仪相结合的技术，高程测量中电子测距三角高程能代替三、四等几何水准测量；地形图测绘中，实现了全站仪从野外数据采集、处理到绘图过程的自动化和一体化；摄影测量和高分辨率遥感技术在大比例尺地形测图中的应用等。

The rifle's gunsight uses a laser rangefinder to calculate the exact distance to the obstruction.

XM25采用激光测距仪瞄准器，它能够准确地计算出掩体的距离。

Laser rangefinders with continuous sampling have proven to be effective in mapping terrain and outcrop features, especially when mapping linear features such as bedding layers, faults, and contacts between different lithologies.

激光测距仪的连续采样已被证明是有效的测绘地形和露头的功能，尤其是当线性映射功能，如铺层，断层，和接触不同岩性。

Because the rangefinders you will use this on have viewfinders that are designed for the angle of view of 50mm lenses, you will need a special viewfinder to put in the accessory shoe in order to properly frame your subject.

由于测距仪你将使用这对有取景器，这种设计是为视角的50毫米隐形眼镜，你会需要一种特殊的取景器投放配件鞋，以适当帧你的课题。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。