流化

In this thesis the process of constructing the non-perturbative Hamiltonian theory is de-scribed and is applied to estimate the vacuum condensate. It contains the following contents:At the very beginning, by using the path integral method and eliminating the gluon freedom, aGCM action 〓 of current quarks including lower order current-current coupling was derivedfrom the QCD Lagrangian and the effective Hamiltonian operator that could hardly be doneby the normal methods was derived. After doing this, the broken vacuum is introduced whichincludes quark-antiquark condensate through the generalized Bogoliubov-Valatin transformation,the effective Hamiltonian of constituent quark was derived. The detailed formulas containingthe spatial current-current coupling term for the effective Hamiltonian and gap equations wasworked out by parameterizing the correlation kernel as a quadratic potential. And then, the gapequation was solved and the quark-antiquark condensate of vacuum was studied both in the casesof instantaneous interaction and retarded interaction. In the end, the effective Hamiltionian withtwo-body quark-quark interaction was derived with one-body approximation, and with the helpof the functional integral method the coupling non-linear dynamic equations for systems withnuclear matter was derived. Finally, these equations were solved by selfconsistent method andthe effect of nuclear matter on vacuum condensate was studied. The spatial current-current coupling term is too difficult to handle, hence the correlationkernel is assumed to be not important and usually omitted in the pure vacuum condensate, andthe instantaneous interaction generally is adopted. Retaining the spatial current-current termand partial retardation effect, the quark pairs condensate in pure vacuum was studied, and theeffect of quark mass was also studied. At present, little study is focused in the case with nuclearmatter and spatial current-current term also omitted. Under the approximation with partialspatial current-current term, the effect of nuclear matter on vacuum condensate was studied.

本论文描述了量子色动力学整体色对称模型哈密顿量方法的构建过程，得到了反映正反夸克对凝聚真空结构的关于组分夸克的有效哈密顿量算符，它隐含了胶子作用，并且准确至流-流耦合项；接着，通过参数化哈密顿量中的夸克作用关联核，导出平方禁闭势参数化选择的哈密顿量的具体公式和能隙方程；随后，应用公式，编程求解，考察了瞬时作用下和部分延迟作用下真空的正反夸克对凝聚，在计算中保留了空间流-流耦合作用；之后，导出瞬时势和延迟势下包含二体作用项的哈密顿量公式，并采用单体化近似，通过泛函变分方法得到核物质存在时耦合的非线性动力学方程；在保留部分空间双流耦合作用的近似下，求解核物质的动力学方程，考察核物质密度对真空凝聚的影响，以往考察真空凝聚，对关联核的选用，由于空间流-流耦合项不易处理，也认为作用不大，常忽略该项，并且常采用瞬时作用；本文保留空间双流项和部分延迟作用，考察了真空情形的夸克对凝聚，还考察了夸克质量对纯真空凝聚的影响，以往对核物质存在情形的真空凝聚考察很少，也都忽略空间流-流项，本文在考虑部分空间流-流项近似下，考察了核物质存在对真空凝聚的影响。

In 1973 the Institute of Chemical Metallurgy was engaged to carry out research on fluidizcd roasting of titaniferous iron ore containing vanadium, with the special objective of utilizing the local resources of natural gas and hydraulic electric power, by reduction of the ore with a hydrogen-rich gas followed by melting of the reduced cinder in an electric furnace in order to separate the iron from a slag rich in vanadium and titanium.

化工冶金研究所于1973年接受了&流态化焙烧还原钒钛铁矿&的任务，要求结合当地资源，用天然气还原铁精矿，用水力发电熔化焙砂，再从熔渣中提取钒和钛。我们对流态化还原的若干方面开展了试验研究，包括铁精矿还原反应数据的获得和有关分析，以及可供应用的两种流态化反应器的工程研究。第一种是气控式多层流态化床，第二种是快速流态化反应器。此外，对于流态化还原中的失流以及熔砂的渣～铁分离和从熔渣中提取钒钛，也进行了试验研究。

A container that holds the powder for the supply to the guns. Often designed to be fluidised.

一个保持粉末进入喷枪的容器，经常设计成流化状态。

According to the invention, the waste water is in a first step fed to sludge granules, after the supply of the waste water to be treated the sludge granules are fluidised in the presence of an oxygen-comprising gas, and in a third step, the sludge granules are allowed to settle in a settling step.

根据本发明，第一步，将废水供入到淤渣颗粒中，在供应完待处理的废水之后，在含氧气体存在下，流化淤渣颗粒，和第三步，在沉降步骤中，允许淤渣颗粒沉降。

The beads can be fluidised by sucking the blood with air up through a column containing the beads to improve contact and prevent clogging.

血液样品借助气压被抽吸到含有玻珠的柱子上，随即玻珠被流化，从而改善接触，并避免堵塞。

The effects of the diameter of spout nozzle, the height of draft tube above distributor plate, spouting gas velocity and fluidizing gas velocity on solids circulation have been investigated.

实验中系统研究了导向管安装高度、喷动口直径、床层物料高度和流化气量对最小喷动速度的影响，并在此基础上得到最小喷动速度的关联式。

It\'s also the first time to design and study the structure of new typed fluidized bed jet mill. Adding fresh air to the top and the bottom in the fluidized bed jet mill to increase the speed of upward currents, the way is leading fluidized particles to be boiling and reduce the eddy strength. The aim is to reduce the opportunity of regrinding. It is valuable to produce the particles which are rough, high density and high product rate requirement. At present, the technology has been prevailed, which produced lots of benefits for society and economy.

首次设计和研究了新型流化床气流粉碎结构，在下部和上部加入气流，提高了气流粉碎区的上升气流速度，补充喷嘴引射的气流，使底部的颗粒易于被流化沸腾起来，减少涡流强度，从而减少合格颗粒再粉碎的机率，这对较粗、密度高和成品率要求高的颗粒的加工具有极大的价值，并得到广泛的推广与应用，取得了较大的经济和社会效益。

Its also the first time to design and study the structure of new typed fluidized bed jet mill. Adding fresh air to the top and the bottom in the fluidized bed jet mill to increase the speed of upward currents, the way is leading fluidized particles to be boiling and reduce the eddy strength. The aim is to reduce the opportunity of regrinding. It is valuable to produce the particles which are rough, high density and high product rate requirement. At present, the technology has been prevailed, which produced lots of benefits for society and economy.

首次设计和研究了新型流化床气流粉碎结构，在下部和上部加入气流，提高了气流粉碎区的上升气流速度，补充喷嘴引射的气流，使底部的颗粒易于被流化沸腾起来，减少涡流强度，从而减少合格颗粒再粉碎的机率，这对较粗、密度高和成品率要求高的颗粒的加工具有极大的价值，并得到广泛的推广与应用，取得了较大的经济和社会效益。

Under the same furnace a wind condition, the bed material finer particle size, the greater the heat transfer coefficient.

在相同的炉膛流化风工况下，床料粒径越细，则换热系数越大。

The high-temperature butterfly valve is a key valve in the fluid catalytic cracking unit.

高温蝶阀是流化催化裂化装置中的一个关键阀门。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。