波前

The polynomials, such as the Zernike polynomial, the orthogonal Zernike polynomial in square zone and the Legendre polynomial, are used to describe the phase of the wavefront in the algorithm of the Hartmann Sensor's model reconstruction in square zone.

方形区域上的哈特曼波前传感器的波前模式重构算法中可用Zernike多项式、方域上正交的Zernike多项式以及Legendre多项式来重构波前相位。

It can draw a conclusion that 1-bit algorithm is feasible and valid method for signal time delay estimation replacing with cross-correlation principle The paper gives an overview about the localization principle with temperature sensors arrays based on the far-field algorithm and the near-field algorithm, and discusses the performance of fire source localization principle based on combination of the two algorithms.

本文介绍了将热气流温度波前视为平面波的远场算法和将热气流温度波前视为圆形波的近场算法，讨论了远、近场算法相结合的火灾定位性能。

Noll. From the irradiance distribution in two defocal planes, one in front of focal plane and the other behind, with a given detector array the elements of response matrix for each normalized term of Zernike polynomials can be obtained. For an incoming atmospheric disturbed random wavefront, with its irradiance distribution detected in two defocal planes and the response matrix, it is easy to solve the corresponding Zernike term coefficients of incoming wavefront and reconstruct the detected one.

Noll建议的Zernike多项式表征经大气扰动的入瞳处的光学波前畸变；求出由两个离焦面上的光强分布决定的归一化Zernike项在特定形状的探测器上的响应矩阵；由响应矩阵和入瞳处的波前在两个离焦面上的光强分布，求出其Zernike项的系数，从而实现波前的探测和重构。

The result shows that all the three polynomials can be used to reconstruct the wavefront correctly, the reconstruction precision of the orthogonal Zemike polynomial in square zone is comparatively better though the difference of the reconstruction precision among the three polynomials is not apparent.

结果表明：对于方形区域上的波前重构，上述三种多项式都能正确地重构出待测波前，它们的重构精度差别不大，相比之下，方域上正交的Zernike多项式的对待测波前的重构精度更高。

The Southwell model is proved a high precision wavefront reconstructed algorithm. The relations between the precision of wavefront reconstructed and the parameter of wavefront sensor are studied.

研究了波前传感器参数、入射光束参量对波前重构精度的影响，提出了菲涅耳波带片的合理阵列数目。

Anisotropic waves have complex wave surfaces, and the triplication phenomenon is very common to the slow wave surface.

2各向异性波具有较为复杂的波前形状，慢波波前的三叉区现象是一种较普遍的波动各向异性现象。

Retroreflector array is used as pseudo phase conjugator in the system. The fidelity of the conjugate wave and matching problem of the retroreflector array and Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor is discussed. Several data fusion methods are presented in order to having two Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors control one set of wavefront corrector. The misalignment errors of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor and arrangement errors of wavefront sensor and deformable mirror are analyzed. At the same time, numerical work based on the data of practically system, such as 61 element AO system, are done corresponding to the problem respectively and the results are given.The system of CP/CM AO is setup to fulfill all the functions.

针对不同的应用环境，提出了四种CP／CM衍生光路；进行了关键器件——角反射器阵列的保真度分析，给出了角反射器阵列作为伪相位共轭器件，与哈特曼—夏克波前传感器的匹配条件，认为角反射器阵列的布局要与哈特曼波前传感器的微透镜阵列布局完全对应，才能达到最优探测效果；提出了四种双哈特曼传感器控制一套波前校正器的数据融合方式，并逐一进行了分析，认为加修正因子斜率融合和电压融合方式在目前工程中是适用的，并进行了相应的数值模拟；给出了哈特曼传感器自身的调整误差分析过程，得到了误差可通过常规标定消除的判断依据；通过数值计算，得到了常规自适应光学系统和CP／CM系统哈特曼传感器和变形镜的对准误差对系统性能的影响，给出了两种系统对于不同对准误差情况下校正效果的变化情况和相应系统容限；以37单元自适应光学系统为基础，搭建了CP／CM自适应光学系统光路，并完成了系列CP／CM功能实现实验，运用双哈特曼传感器数据融合，成功实现了CP／CM自适应光学系统的闭环实验。

Retroreflector array is used as pseudo phase conjugator in the system. The fidelity of the conjugate wave and matching problem of the retroreflector array and Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor is discussed. Several data fusion methods are presented in order to having two Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors control one set of wavefront corrector. The misalignment errors of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor and arrangement errors of wavefront sensor and deformable mirror are analyzed. At the same time, numerical work based on the data of practically system, such as 61 element AO system, are done corresponding to the problem respectively and the results are given. The system of CP/CM AO is setup to fulfill all the functions. Through the data fusion of two Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors, the system runs successfully and realizes the close loop. It lays a good foundation for the application of CP/CM AO. Another aspect of this paper is to expand the working band of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor through Frequency Transfer of Nonlinear Optics.

针对不同的应用环境，提出了四种CP／CM衍生光路；进行了关键器件——角反射器阵列的保真度分析，给出了角反射器阵列作为伪相位共轭器件，与哈特曼—夏克波前传感器的匹配条件，认为角反射器阵列的布局要与哈特曼波前传感器的微透镜阵列布局完全对应，才能达到最优探测效果；提出了四种双哈特曼传感器控制一套波前校正器的数据融合方式，并逐一进行了分析，认为加修正因子斜率融合和电压融合方式在目前工程中是适用的，并进行了相应的数值模拟；给出了哈特曼传感器自身的调整误差分析过程，得到了误差可通过常规标定消除的判断依据；通过数值计算，得到了常规自适应光学系统和CP／CM系统哈特曼传感器和变形镜的对准误差对系统性能的影响，给出了两种系统对于不同对准误差情况下校正效果的变化情况和相应系统容限；以37单元自适应光学系统为基础，搭建了CP／CM自适应光学系统光路，并完成了系列CP／CM功能实现实验，运用双哈特曼传感器数据融合，成功实现了CP／CM自适应光学系统的闭环实验。

First the relationship of shoaling coefficient and relative water depth in regular and irregular wave fields has been analyzed. The experimental result shows that shoaling wave height decreases at first then increases until wave breaking. The broken wave height of regular waves is smaller than irregular waves with same wave steepness and relative water depth.

本文首先就规则波及不规则波实验分析波浪的浅化系数与相对水深之关系，实验结果显示浅化波高有先减后增之趋势，在碎波前达到最大，碎波后之波高在相同水深与深海波浪尖锐度成反比，规则波碎波后波高较不规则波小。

According to the comparison analysis for the force-displacement relationship obtained from stets of earthquake simulation tests for 3 RC single story structures and the quasi-static test for one RC single story structure (identical with the former 3 models), as well as the analyses for the natural frequency change of the 3 RC single story structures with the increase of the excitation levels, it is found that the accumulated hysteretic energy-dissipation capacity is critical for the structural safety even after serious damage.

本文首先通过对近场破坏性地震动的特性分析，给出了脉冲型地震动的量化定义，并通过研究归一化反应谱变化规律的方法，分析了两类脉冲组合即：波前脉冲组合以及波后脉冲组合对于主脉冲作用效应的影响，总结归纳出波前脉冲与波后脉冲对主脉冲作用效应的不同贡献规律，并通过单层钢结构模型的地震模拟振动台试验验证了理论分析结果，为进一步研究揭示脉冲型地震动中主脉冲的破坏能力奠定了基础。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。