河段

Through risk appraisal of sudden river pollution accident by hazard resources and natural environment,pollution resources appraisal is described by introducing two new conceptions,i.

通过危险源和环境因素两个方面进行河流突发性污染事故风险评价，引入加权危险河段长度和河段危害权重两个概念论述危险源风险评价，给出能够反映各河段重要性的新的危险源风险评价方法。

In connection with the estuary regulation of Yellow River, the effects from the channel-change of Qingshuigou Course and the branch-change of Qingba Anabranch for Yellow River on the extension of sedimentation are analyzed based on the prototype data and the model test result concerned, in which the effects from the dredging at the estuary on the water level of the tail course and the change from the river bed desiltation ate discussed.

黄河口治理具有长期性和复杂性，探求不同治理措施条件下尾闾河段冲淤规律是十分必要的。根据原型资料和模型试验结果，分析了清水沟改道和清8改汊对河口淤积延伸的影响，探讨了河口段挖河疏浚对尾闾河段水位、河床冲淤变化的影响。

Temperature and relative humidity were monitored during daytimes.

从护岸区域小环境出发，以怀柔区怀九河作为研究对象，选择其一渡河段及四渡河段抛石＋植物、浆砌石＋大块石＋植物两种生态护岸作为监测对象，以生态护岸上近水边和护坡处游人休闲活动区域作为监测点，对监测点的温度和相对湿度进行实地监测。

Riprap stone+ plant ecological embankment and slurry stonelaying+ boulder+ plant ecological embankment were selected as research objective. Near river and on the revetment are the places that people regularly to visit and have a rest. Based on the situation, we select them as monitoring points on the two ecological embankment of Huaijiu River. Temperature and relative humidity were monitored during daytimes.

从护岸区域小环境出发，以怀柔区怀九河作为研究对象，选择其一渡河段及四渡河段抛石＋植物、浆砌石＋大块石＋植物两种生态护岸作为监测对象，以生态护岸上近水边和护坡处游人休闲活动区域作为监测点，对监测点的温度和相对湿度进行实地监测。

Although the upper reaches of a freestone stream may be spring-fed, the vast majority of its flow comes from run-off or tributaries.

尽管这种河段可是是spring-fed，最主要的径流来自run-off和支流，快速流动的河水限制了杂草和其他植被的生长，而形成了这种＂free stone＂河底，这种河段的水生昆虫不如spring creek那样多，所以鳟鱼比较少，但是不不乏机会主义者。

The results show that:(1) the overall water quality in the Xiangjiang River had become worse during the 1990s and the main pollutants which caused aggravating pollution were total coliforms, total phosphorus, petroleum and total hydrargyrum ;(2) the main pollution sources were living pollution, which increased evidently in recent years, and industry pollution, of which heavy metal pollution is evident;(3) among the mainstream of the Xiangjiang River , river sections in Zhuzhou, Xiangtan and Changsha suffered from the most serious pollution;(4) it is forecasted that living pollution and agriculture pollution will become more serious in the future.

结果表明：湘江总体水质在20世纪90年代呈恶化趋势，致使污染加剧的主要因子是总大肠菌群、总磷、石油类和总汞；主要污染源为工业污染和生活废水污染，近年来生活废水污染日益突出，工业污染中重金属污染明显；在干流不同河段中，株洲、湘潭和长沙河段污染最为严重；估计未来湘江的生活污染和农业污染还会加剧。

Further analysis on the pyrogenic PAHs of the Huangpu River sediments discovered two major sources of vehicular exhaust and coal combustion, the contributions of which were quantified as 30% and 27%, respectively.

黄浦江流经上海市区，以燃烧源PAHs污染为主，在不同河段具有不同类型的燃烧源，上游河段PAHs污染主要源于草本植物、木材和煤的不完全燃烧，中下游河段PAHs污染主要来源于油类的燃烧。

During the study period, we found that plants were present only in natural creek banks, but not altered ones. Comparisons between natural banks without plants and altered banks revealed no significant difference in both shrimp abundance and distribution. However, there was significant difference in shrimp abundance when natural banks with plants and altered banks were compared, suggesting that construction might have negative effects on plants and, in turm, on shrimp abudance. Comparisons between reproductive and non-reproductive season yielded significant results in both shrimp abundance and distribution, which resulted from the recruitment of juveniles to local populations.

在实验期间，自然河段有水蕴草而整治河段没有水蕴草的存在，比较无水蕴草的自然河段与整治河段，发现无论是数量或出现率都没有显著差异，然而，在有水蕴草存在的自然河段之多齿新米虾数量与出现率则较整治河段高，显示哈盆溪可能因为整治工程影响了底质的型态，导致水蕴草不易生长，进而影响多齿新米虾的数量及出现率；在季节方面，结果显示，不同季节在数量和出现率上都有显著差异，而此差异是因为幼虾在生殖季大量加入族群所致。

The main works of this paper are as follows.First, according to the three-step method, 1-D unsteady flow model in river network is introduced. A new topological structure is presented to describe and store the topology information and data in river network ,which realises the connection between GIS and the numerical program of hydraulic calculating and turns the program into a universal one .A new formula of internal boundary conditions with double-recursion algorithm is deduced, and the relationship of recursive coefficient between imaginary channel length and non-imaginary channel length is presented ,which makes sure that the model can comprise the numerical simulation of the internal boundaries such as side pipe outflow ,barrage, slice gate and drainage pump station.

主要工作如下：(1)根据三级解法建立了一维河网非恒定流模型，并提出了一种新的数据结构来描述和储存河网拓扑信息，方便了GIS平台和数值计算程序的衔接，实现了三级解法程序的通用性；从河段方程组出发，根据虚设河段法推导出了内边界条件的双追赶法公式，指明了虚设河段的追赶系数和非虚设河段追赶系数的关系，从而使模型可以模拟集中旁侧入流、堰、闸、水泵等内边界对行洪过程的影响。

The result shows that the erosion presents as incision when the riverbed is relative narrow and deep; To the low-water branching reach with strong boundary conditions where the riverbed is wide and shallow, the scour and deposit variation characteristics mainly presents as erosion and deposition adjustment of river island, height deviation of thalweg in the inlets and the adjustment of split ratio after impoundment To the low-water branching reach where the riverbed is wide and shallow and the lateral boundary conditions are weak, the scour and deposit variation characteristics is not restricted to the adjustment of split ratio, and the pattern of the braided reach may even be changed.

结果表明：当河段相对窄深时，河段冲刷主要为下切；当河段为相对宽浅的低水分汊河段且河岸约束较强时，蓄水以后的冲淤变化主要体现为江心洲滩的冲淤调整、汊道深泓高程差的冲淤调整，并引起主支汊分流比的调整；当河段为较为宽浅的低水分汊河段且河岸约束相对较弱时，则冲刷调整不仅限于分流比的调整，甚至会导致大的分汊格局的调整。

Kate: I'm sorry I kissed you.

抱歉，我亲了你。

This means giant network to buy long swim the hearsay of the net is complete by checkmate.

这意味着巨人网络收购久游网的传闻彻底被击破。