沉降

But when we mine commensuration groundwater, the falling velocity water level and range of the deep hydrous stratum are bigger than the shallow hydrous stratum. And the quantity of subsidence is not obvious different. 2. Analyzing the relation between the stratum of groundwater and land subsidence, with the depth of aquifer bed increased, the proportion that the released water because of compressibility of strata possessed become bigger, and it cause land subsidence more serious. 3. The physical and mechanical properties and the consolidation state of stratum do not become better with the depth increased.

依据： ①一般情况下，随深度增加，地层的压缩性会渐下；但是开采同量的地下水，其水位下降的速率及幅度深部含水组比浅部含水组要大的多，两者引起的沉降量不会有明显的差别；②从地下水开采资源组成与地面沉降关系分析，含水层深度越深，其中的压密释水量所占的比例也越大，造成的地面沉降也越严重；③地层的物理力学性质及固结状态，随深度的增加，也不完全是越来越好。

The results indicate that the sedimentation behavior of coal particles of CWS belongs to differential sedimentation and there is a conglobation between coal particles in CWS preparation. Stability of CWS prepared with lignin series dispersants is better than that prepared with naphthalene series, and the height and mean sedimentation rate of clarifying zone is about 68% of that of FDN when the dosage of additives is 1.0%.

结果表明，水煤浆中煤粒沉降行为为差异沉降，在水煤浆制备过程中，煤颗粒之间会发生团聚，掺1.0％GCL3S的水煤浆清液区高度及平均沉降速率仅为掺FDN的68％，木质素系分散剂制备的水煤浆稳定性能优于萘系。

The analysis shows that the settlement observation data of subgrade surface may be used to investigate the stability and the developing tendency of subgrade settlement, and whether the correlation coefficient of curve regression meets the requirement, however, that it cannot be used to calculate post-construction settlement.

分析表明：路基面沉降观测数据可用于考察路基沉降的稳定性、后期发展趋势和曲线回归的相关系数是否满足要求，但无法直接用之进行工后沉降检算。

In order to complete the investigation, impersonality feasible experiment solutions and devices are designed independently to systemically investigate on activation and transfer characteristic of soil heavy metal under acid rain effect. Primary results are shown as followings:1. PH measuring results of soil solution and eluviation solution show that the ability of experimental plot the acid buffer capacity of soil is stronger under the experiment condition,there is no obvious acidification in soil which after acid rain eluviation.The result has substantial differences with that gotten by most of investigationers in similar work before.

这一结果与以往类似研究中多数研究者得到的结论存在本质区别，原因可能在于此次试验的试验条件与以往研究的试验条件不同，其中最主要一点是在本次试验中使用的土壤样品的重量比以往试验均显著增大，而且使用的是土壤结构和组成等均未经破坏的原位土，从而使入渗酸雨与承受酸雨沉降的土壤之间的比例关系更接近自然酸雨沉降过程，以此为基础得到的试验结果应该更加客观、可靠。2、酸雨对盐基离子活化迁移产生的影响勿庸置疑，但是，在盐基离子活化迁移的过程中，并没有出现预想中的重金属元素活化迁移现象，表明土壤中的重金属元素并不如理论分析的那样对酸雨沉降反应敏感。

Then it is firstly and systematically presented the layered compressible data of borehole extensometer in Changzhou area from 1984 to 2002 in this paper. Based on the Characteristics of Aquifer system and properties of soil layers, the porous soil layer in the research area is divided into four different compressible layers.

中文摘要：系统分析了常州地区地下水开采动态和地面沉降发生发展历史，概述了研究区地面沉降的框架，在此基础上，系统研究了常州市分层标从1984 年至2002 年的分层沉降资料。

Aiming at characteristics of land subsidence in Harbin City , based on investigation of settlement traces, the author used the layerwise summation method from the Rock Soil Engineering Reconnaissance Specification to calculate settling volumes of two infundibulum center regions, where are the Heavy Machinery Plant and Jiancaoling Town.

针对哈尔滨市区地面沉降特点，根据地面沉降痕迹调查，利用岩土工程勘察规范中的"分层总和"法，分别对两个漏斗中心重型机器厂和菅草岭的沉降量进行计算。

This paper studies on the ground settlement due to the deformation of the supporting structure. The normal distribution and parabola function are used to fit the curve of ground settlement and the estimating formula is deduced gradually.

本文主要对由于支护结构变位而引起的地表沉降进行了相关研究，利用正态分布及抛物线函数拟合了地表沉降曲线，并推导出沉降的估算公式。

This paper discusses the ultimate speed of debris in different sizes which sink in water, analyzing the characteristics of the sinkage and the factors having impact on their sinking speed as well as making comparison of the laws for debris and silty sand sinking in water.

研究了不同石碴颗粒在水中下沉的终极速度；分析了石碴的沉降特性和影响沉降速度的因素；对石碴和泥沙颗粒在水中的沉降规律进行了对比。

The primary studying works and characteristics:1 To summarize reinforcing theory of cement mixing pile composite foundation2 To analyze the primary mechanics characters and changing rules of cement mixing pile, based on analysis of test data both indoor and outdoor.3 To discuss siding frictional resistance, ending resistance, ultimate bearing capacity of simple mixing pile and effectiveness factor of grouped piles, loading ratio of soil between piles under cushion cap of grouped piles and stress ratio of pile and soil and so on, and use many computation method and experimentation method to ensure bearing capacity of mixing piles composite foundation.4 To point out and analyze eight sides flaws and problems of the bearing capacity calculation method of mixing pile compositefoundation which ensured by national and normative method/ formula.5 To apply test results of loading tests and a few settlement observation data, use gray theory to predicate ultimate bearing capacity of deep mixing piles, actual example demonstrate engaging between theoretical predicted value and actual value.6 To apply groovy layerwise summation method to discuss entity piles method, double foundation method, equivalent layerwise summation method and consolidation theoretical method and so on, especially by combination of engineering example, use FEM to calculate or discuss the settlement and changing rules of composite foundation.7 To discuss problems of critical length of composite foundation by combination of engineering example and numerical analysis method, and analyze the contrast of critical length between simple pile load and most area load of composite foundation, not only critical length of composite foundation is relative to modulus ratio between piles and soil, but also upside load distribution area of composite foundation.

主要的研究工作与特色为：(1)总结了水泥搅拌桩复合地基的加固原理；(2)在对室内外试验资料进行统计分析的基础上，系统分析了搅拌桩水泥土的主要力学特性及其变化规律；(3)探讨了搅拌单桩的侧摩阻力、端阻力、极限承载力及群桩效率系数、群桩承台下桩间土荷载分担比及桩土应力比等，提出用多种计算方法并结合试验方法来综合确定搅拌桩复合地基的承载力；(4)明确指出和分析了按国家有关规范的方法确定搅拌桩复合地基承载力所存在的八个方面的缺陷与问题；(5)利用过去没有加载至破坏阶段的载荷试验成果和较少的沉降观测数据，尝试了用灰色理论预测深层搅拌桩的极限承载力，实例表明理论预测值与实测值吻合较好；(6)在常规分层总和法的基础上，探讨了复合地基沉降计算的实体墩基法、双层地基法、等效作用分层总和法、固结理论法等，特别是结合工程实例，用有限元数值计算等方法计算和讨论了搅拌桩复合地基的沉降及其变化规律；(7)结合工程实例，用数值分析方法探讨了复合地基临界桩长的问题，指出和分析了单桩荷载下的临界桩长与复合地基大面积荷载下的临界桩长存在很大的差别，复合地基的临界桩长不仅与桩土模量比有关，而且与复合地基上部荷载分布面积有关。

That means that we take maximum settlement value as an objective value, that is, to control surface settlement is to control pipeline deformation. Its research paths are to make decision of computational method of maximum surface settlement and settlement pattern firstly; then to establish the relationship between maximum surface settlement and ground pipeline deformation and strain, to get maximum surface settlement in term of th

研究思路是：首先要搞清楚地表沉降的规律以及地表最大沉降值的计算方法：然后研究地表最大沉降值W.x与地下管线的变形及应变的关系，从而可以根据管线与隧道的相对位置、地层条件、管线的允许变形情况求出w皿厂这样通过控制地表最大沉降值w删x就可以间接控制隧道工程对地下管线的影响。

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如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。