水汽

The results show that typhoon intensity can have influence on the water vapor transport to mid-latitude area by the southeasterly jet on the east of the typhoon.

低层水汽输送，造成中纬度暴雨区强水汽辐合和不稳定能量积聚，故槽前降雨的强度与其南方台风东侧的水汽输送有着相当密切的关系。

Results indicated that two paths of water vapor transport existed in the case; one is southwestwardly path in the synoptic-scale, the other is southeastwardly path in the meso-scale.

结果表明：此次暴雨过程的水汽输送路径有两条，一条是西南水汽输送路径，一条是东南水汽输送路径。

The principle of remote sensing of water vapor along the slant path using GPS is described in this paper. First, the nonisotropic component of water vapor in different azimuth above the GPS receiver is calculated using the wet gradient and the postfit residuals, and then slant path water vapor is recreated.

本文介绍了地基GPS沿倾斜路径方向遥感大气水汽总量的原理和方法；首先用湿梯度、后处理残差联合计算接收机上空不同方位上大气水汽各向异性成分，在此基础上重构倾斜路径水汽总量。

The vapor content in the air had a complex influence on aerosol size distribution. The increasing of vapor content in some degree will mainly the effective radius of aerosol particle. But the overlarge vapor content may lead to remove of coarse particles in aerosol.

大气中的水汽含量对气溶胶粒子谱分布的影响较为复杂，当水汽含量在一定范围内增加时，将会增加气溶胶粒子的有效半径，但当水汽含量过大，却又易造成大粒子气溶胶的移出。

The results reveal that:a Pentadactyl vapor transportation in East-Asia change with the appearing , strengthening , weakening , and disappearing of the South China Sea monsoon, the Indian monsoon, subtropical high etc..b Southerly vapor transportation of each longitude areas in East-Asia have different characters in appearance time , speed to north , the place of north bound , speed to south , etc..

主要得出以下结论：(1)东亚地区各候各区域水汽输送的变化，伴随着南海季风、印度季风、副高等天气事件或系统的发生、加强、减弱和消失。(2)各个经度带的偏南风水汽输送在出现时间、北抬进程速度、北界位置、南撤速度等方面均体现了不同的特征；西太平洋副高边缘的东南风水汽输送具有迂回西扩和快速东撤的特点，并且在强盛期能够影响到我国西北地区。

Integrated analysis of 7 times heavy rain in Yunnan from July 19 to August 2 based on actual observation weather datum and satellite cloud atlas and Doppler radar image. The results show that: high-low southwest jet stream is important effect system. The maintenance of southwest jet stream provides water vapor, momentum, fast transfer of unstable energy for the lasting heavy rain. The further configuration of plateau shear line and southwest jet stream is necessarily condition about 7 times heavy rain. The lasting heavy rain appeared on big value region of 500hPa vapour flux and vapour flux divergence. The shear cloud band and subtropical high cloud band crossed and confluenced in Yunnan on the satellite cloud atlas. The maintenance and intensification of shear cloud hand and periphery cloud band of subtropical high correspond quite well to heavy rain falling region and cloud band distribution.

应用实测气象资料，结合卫星云图与多普勒雷达图像分析，对2007年7月19日到8月2日云南少有的7次强降水过程进行综合分析，结果表明：高低空的西南急流是重要的影响系统，西南急流的维持为持续性强降水过程提供了水汽、动量和不稳定能量的快速传递，高原切变线与西南急流的有利配置，是7次持续性强降水过程必不可少的条件；持续性强降水出现在500hPa水汽通量大值区和水汽通量散度辐合区；卫星云图上切变云带和副高外围云带在云南汇合，切变云带和副高外围云带维持、加强的过程与强降水落区的时空分布对应较好。

When the temperature is below 0℃, in nascent period of cyclone, it is showed there are fine water vapor conditions anywhere in cyclone. In developing period of cyclone, there are fine water vapor conditions at the fore of cold and warm fronts. After cyclone occlude, there are only fine water vapor conditions at fore warm front and cyclone center.

分析表明，在气旋初生期，气旋各部位的冷层都有较好的水汽条件；在气旋发展旺盛时，冷锋前和暖锋前的冷层水汽条件较好；在气旋锢囚后，只有暖锋前的冷层和气旋中心水汽较多。

The features of change of transport pattern from summer to winter are as follows: The cross equatorial moisture transports decrease, disappear and turn; the south westerly transports gradually establish; the easterlies water transport form equatorial Pacific gradually strengthen and march westward.

从夏季型到冬季型水汽输送的转换特征表现为：来自南半球的越赤道输送的显著减弱、消失直至转向，东亚南支偏西风水汽输送的逐渐建立，赤道太平洋地区的偏东风水汽输送的加强西进。

During different periods of Dan, there was great water vapor change as indicated by stream function, velocity potential and vapor budget, which showed the importance of water vapor in the development of typhoon Dan.

在Dan发生发展的不同时期，由大尺度水汽通量流函数和速度势表示的水汽通量输送和辐合也有明显的变化，表明水汽输送和辐合在Dan的发生发展及消亡过程中有一定作用。

In order to develop and modify Gregory scheme for cumulus convective parameterization,we make the improvement as follows:(1) The large-scale moisture convergence is taken into account and the organized inflow,which occurs in the area of large-scale moisture convergence and is directly proportional to it, is added to turbulent airflow.(2) The influence on saturation vapor pressure exerted by supercooled water is taken into account and the initial mass flux is adjusted. Based on diagnosis of the air heating and moistening, the downdraft airflow is adjusted.(3) Based on the character of our country heavy rainfall,which usually occurs in the mixed cloud consisted of stratocumulus and cumulus, the process of excessive convection is restrained by organized outflow in the top of cloud and improving downdraft current and by reducing the evaporation of rainfall and release of latent heat.

为了改进和发展Gregory积云参数化方案，(1)考虑了大尺度水汽辐合对积云对流的影响，即在混合卷入中加入有组织的卷入，让有组织的卷入存在于有大尺度水汽辐合的层次上，并且与大尺度水汽辐合直接成比例；(2)考虑了过冷水存在对饱和比湿的影响，调整了初始的质量通量，并且根据对大气加热加湿的诊断，调整了大气向下拖曳的强度；(3)根据我国降水多由层状云和嵌入其中的对流云混合产生的这一特点，对于过强对流过程进行抑制，在云顶加入有组织的卷出，同时加大向下拖曳的强度，减少蒸发以降低潜热的释放，抑制过强对流的发生。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。