水准测量

Basing on the mechanism of errors in levelling, a rigorous formula is first de- rived for calculating the mean accidental error per kilometer η.

由于σ在目前的一般水准测量作业中还是不能确定的，所以研究j在各种不同情况下略去σ定权，对平差质量所产生的影响。

Examination found a number of major quality problems: First, part of the observed deformation and deformation measurements are not laying a solid reference point, deformation monitoring points do not comply with regulatory requirements; deformation observation, the calculation is not strictly enforce the state standards, such as the base network is not on a regular basis retest , no point will work in conjunction with the reference point for measurement, the standard of measurement stations and other allowable error overrun.

检查中发现了一些主要质量问题：一是部分变形观测与形变测量项目基准点埋设不稳固，变形监测点设置不符合规范要求；变形观测、计算未严格执行国家标准，如基准网未定期复测，未将工作基点与基准点进行联测，水准测量测站限差超限等。

Distributing control point used of straight closed traverse and using of distance measurement polar coordinates and near distance high degree level measuring method to do deformation measuring for the plugging water curtain wall.

用直伸闭合导线布设控制点，以测距极坐标和近距高等级水准测量方法对堵水帷幕墙进行变形测量，有利于提高观测精度，能消除横向误差对监测点位精度的影响，精度及效果较

Therefore, how to deal with the proper systematic error correction, to effectively improve the precision of the measurement, and unlikely to increase the project cost is the main purpose of this research.

因此，如何在二三等水准测量中，适当的加入系统误差改正，有效的提升测量成果之精度，又不致增加作业成本，为本研究之主要目的。

To make the accuracy of trigonometric leveling precision to achieve the standard of measurement precision, corresponding measures must be taken.

为使三角高程测量的精度能够达到精密水准测量的精度，必须采取相应的措施。

Points are given precise trigonometric leveling instrument to replace second-class standard of measurement of geometric conditions, the method reduced errors, and improve the accuracy of the advantages and disadvantages of the measures.

给出了站仪精密三角高程测量替代二等几何水准测量的条件、减弱误差的方法、优缺点及提高精度的措施等。

Application of some level methods in LINAC measurment.

几种水准测量方法在电子直线加速器测量中的应用。

Trigonometric Leveling using the middle method, combined with high-precision TCA2003 Robotic Total Station, can meet the requirements of the third and fourth grade of spirit leveling under certain conditions.

采用中间法三角高程测量，结合高精度的TCA2003智能全站仪，在一定条件下能满足三、四等水准测量的精度要求。

Standard measurement method is to use Levels to provide the level of attention, observation points on the ground to erect the standard of scale, respectively, on the scale reading to read to the projection of the elevation difference between two points.

水准测量法是利用水准仪提供的水平视线，观测竖立在地面两点上的水准标尺，分别读取尺上的读数以推算两点间的高差。

By the end of 1997, from the Qinghai oil sand long-chuen finish sub-region measured gravity points lofting a few days later returned to Xi'an, I follow the squadron to shadow whirling coconut Wanning City in Hainan to engage in the standard of measurement, it is heard that China and Australia a cooperation project.

1997年底，从黄沙漫漫的青海油泉子地区干完重力点放样测量回到西安没几天，我跟随中队到了椰影婆娑的海南岛万宁市从事进行水准测量，听说是我国与澳大利亚的一个合作项目。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。