比较测试

This paper provides a method of variable integrity testing to detect the faults of software By checking the definition domain of the variable itself and the restriction condition of consistency between variables, we only need to determine the bound of each output data, rather than the exact value Although the output of testing case cannot be easily caught, this method can improve the efficiency of detecting faults Furthermore, the checking point is not limited to the final output place, but spreads over the reference places in the program code to key variables just like those at the checkpoints under debugging As a consequence, the testing becomes more precise

由于软件测试用例的输出部分很难确定，而通过测试变量自身的定义域和变量间的一致性约束关系，只需要确定输出值的范围而不用知道其确切的值，就可以提高了错误检测的效率同时，检测的范围不局限于程序最后的输出结果，而是散布在程序中的各个有意义的变量，正如调试过程中设置断点观察的那些变量，使得检测错误更加精准1 引言软件测试的本质在于针对要测试的内容确定一组测试用例[1] 测试用例分为输入和输出两部分功能测试和结构测试等基本的软件测试方法，都比较关心测试用例的输入部分定义域的确定，而对测试用例的输出部分考虑得较少例如，边界测试和等价类测试[2 ] 只考虑测试用

This thesis focused on software testing method, such as Equivalence Class Partition Testing, Boundary Value Analysis Testing, Error Guessing Testing etc. It is to compare and analyze the difference and relation of every software test method.

本文首先研究了等价类划分、边界值分析、错误猜测法等软件测试方法，比较和分析了各测试方法之间的区别与联系，探索了如何提高软件测试效率和效果，为设计SK 测试用例提供了理论依据。

A new experimental apparatus has been developed for measuring the thermal conductivity of liquid by the two transient hot-wire method, which is based on the theory of one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction in infinite medium.

摘 要：采用双热线瞬态热线法研制出一套瞬态双热线液体导热系数测试装置，在阐述该测试仪器的基本原理和测试方法的基础上，就该仪器对乙醇、乙二醇、甘油和去离子水进行测试的实验情况及结果进行了分析与比较。

Firstly, the paper introduced the working principle and device of the two-pass grate-rotary kiln and had an analysis method of mechanics of the tyre. We have put forward the finite element analysis of the contact stress of the tyre-roller based on the whole construction mode of shell-kiln liner-large gear-tyre-roller of the rotary kiln and obtained the strength and distributing rule of the tyre's contact stress. The research shows that within one week the contact stress mainly lies in two leading peak value and catastrophe which appear at the contact zone of the tyre and supporting roller. Then we regarded the tyre's stress as the test of unknown plane stress of principal stress. Utilizing mature and modern testing technology, we raised the testing principle and scheme of tyre stress and then had a on-the-spot test of the stress. Comparing the analysis result of the test with the one calculated from the finite element analysis, it proofed the rationality of finite element analysis method of integral modeling and the correctness of the contact stress result of the tyre and roller. Finally, for two-pass of similar rotary kilns, using the ANSYS APDL re-development technology, carried on the re-development about the overall finite element analytic method of thecontact stress of tyre-roller.

首先，本文介绍了2档回转窑的工作原理和装置，对滚圈的力学行为进行了分析，提出了基于筒体-滚圈-托轮的回转窑整体建模的有限元分析法，来对滚圈-托轮的接触应力进行有限元分析与计算，得到了滚圈接触应力的大小和分布规律，并求得滚圈外中内圈节点的主应力；其次，把滚圈的受力看成是主应力未知的平面应力的测试，利用现代测试技术，提出了滚圈主应力测试的原理和方案，并对滚圈的主应力进行了现场测试，现场测试分析结果与有限元分析计算出的主应力相比较，证明了整体法建模的有限元分析方法的合理性和滚圈-托轮接触应力结果的正确性；最后，利用ANSYS的APDL的二次开发技术，针对2档同类回转窑，就滚圈-托轮接触应力的整体有限元分析法进行了二次开发。

The sum of BCOD of BODst test and XH measured through batch respirometer is consistent with the BCOD of BODlt test and the ratio between them was in the range of 0.88-1.02 with average 0.94. The BODlt test is time-consuming and the microorganisms'population and their metabolic characteristic are different from that of the actual activated sludge process. So the respirometry has the advantage of time-validity and representation for the actual activated sludge system.

6呼吸测量法测得的BCOD明显小于长期BOD测试方法的结果，这是由于后者得到的BCOD包括所有的活性微生物COD组分；短期BOD测试得到的BCOD与异养菌COD之和与长期BOD测试得到的BCOD比较接近，两者之比在0.88-1.02之间，平均值为0.94；长期BOD测试耗时长，测试用的微生物种群及其代谢类型都与实际活性污泥过程明显不同，因此，从测试结果的时效性和代表性方法考虑，短期BOD测试更具优势。

Considering the specialty of pseudo-random vector, a partial scan algorithm for BIST, which unifying the structure analysis and testability analysis, is presented in this paper. Then, the fault simulation experiments on ISCAS89 benchmark circuits by this algorithm is made, and the results, which made by the full scan algorithm and the partial scan algorithm only based on the structure analysis, is compared. The conclusion is achieved: for pseudo-random vector, compared with the full scan circuit and the circuit geted by partial scan algorithm only based on the structure analysis, the circuit geted by our partial scan algorithm can greatly reduce the test time with very close or even greater faults coverage and less area than the full scan.

考虑到伪随机测试向量的特殊性，本文借鉴确定性测试向量生成的部分扫描算法，在内建自测试环境中，提出一种综合结构分析和可测性分析的部分扫描算法，PSBAST，并运用此算法对ISCAS89 benchmark电路进行计算，并对经计算后得到的部分扫描电路进行故障模拟，最后将模拟结果与全扫描电路和一种仅考虑结构因素的部分扫描算法得到的结果进行详细分析和比较，结果表明：对于伪随机测试向量，相对于全扫描电路和由仅考虑结构因素的部分扫描算法得到的电路，本文提出的部分扫描算法得到的电路，能够在不低于全扫描结构故障覆盖率前提下，大幅度减少测试时间，并能降低测试面积开销。

Through simulation of the real process of thomcolumbar burst fracture and use of modem dynamics techniques, the present study was (1) to investigate the kinetic relationship between structural damage and impact energy absorption and dynamics mechanism of thoracolumbar burst fracture by quantitative analysis of various injured segments;(2) to explore the instability mechanism of L1 vertebral burst fracture and its injury threshold by three-dimensional analysis of the injured segment with stereophotogrammetry in combination of transient physical parameters, anatomy and image;(3) to explore the corresponding relationships between impact energy, geometry parameters and biomechanics by geometry and biomechanical analysis of thoracolumbar burst fracture, which may provide an objective standard for evaluation of spinal injury severity and experimental evidence for adoption of biomechanical treatment in clinic;(4) to evaluate the fixation effect of different instruments and the effect of intervertebral bone graft on segment fixation by analysis of the threedimensional stability of different internal fixation instruments and their decompression of the spinal canal, which may provide experimental evidence for therapeutical selection for thoracolumbar burst fracture in future; and finally to investigate the effect of various instrument fixation on dynamical characteristics by comparison and quantitative analysis of frequency and amplitude responses, which may provide certain theories and experimental evidence for application of vibration test to judge the stability of the spine.

本研究从胸腰段脊柱爆裂骨折发生的实际过程出发，以现代动力学检测及计算机多通道高性能数据采集分析系统等高新技术为基础，实时量化分析损伤节段的工程参数，揭示了结构破坏与能量吸收的变化规律，探讨了胸腰段脊柱爆裂骨折的瞬态损伤机制；利用三维立体摄像技术，对不同损伤程度的节段进行三维运动分析，结合瞬态物理参数、影像学和病理解剖，明确了〓椎体爆裂骨折的失稳机制及损伤阈值；通过对胸腰椎爆裂骨折的几何学变化及生物力学分析，明确了撞击能量与几何参数、几何参数与生物力学的相应关系，为评判脊柱损伤程度提供了客观标准，为治疗中采取适宜的生物力学方法提供了实验依据；通过对比分析不同内固定器械的三维稳定性和对椎管的减压作用，评价不同器械的复位固定作用，同时比较椎体间植骨对节段固定作用的影响，为今后临床胸腰段脊柱爆裂骨折的治疗选择提供依据；利用振动测试与分析技术，比较及量化分析了不同致伤状况的频幅响应特征，比较分析了各种器械固定对动力学特性的影响，为今后临床建立基于振动测试与分析技术判断脊柱稳定性的诊断方法，提供了一定的理论和实验依据。

Polar watch was used to record heart rates at the beginning of test and during exercise. The results of VO2max by the two submaximal tests were compared with that by direct test protocol. Their correlation analysis was carried out simultaneously.

评估：Polar表记录测试前起始时以及测试整个过程中的心率，比较两种台阶测试法和直接测试法测试最大摄氧量结果，并进行相关性分析。

This article tries to explain the limitations and irrationalities of using isolation resistance in home appliance field from some factors and indicates that it is more rational to replace isolation resistance by leakage current test.

这是相对于GB4706.1-92版的一个较大变动。在家用电器安全的通用要求中，绝缘电阻本来是一个比较常用的安全参数，其基本概念&似乎&比较明确，测试方法和测试仪器也比较简便，因此，在人们心中占有比较重要的位置。

By applying a revised version of the Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire , the personality characteristics of Chi- nese canoeists have been studied and compared with those of athletes in various other sport events.Results of the study show that the personality characteristics of an athlete vary with the event he or she majors in.The findings about the special personality characteristics of the canoeists serve as scientific data for the identification of young talents and their training.

为了更广泛地了解我国各项目运动员的个性特点并进行比较研究，我们采用卡氏个性量表对我国划船运动员进行了测试研究，了解我国划船运动员16项个性因素的现状，同时与目前已经采用此测试量表所得的结果进行比较研究，希望能在短期内获得该运动项目个性特征的多方面的数据资料，尝试建立符合我国实情的划船运动员个性特征的模式，并为训练、选材提供有参考价值的心理测试工具和量表及科学依据。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。