止血带

According to Crenshaw et al.[1], wide tourniquet cuffs are more effective at lower inflation pressures than are narrow ones. Pedowitz et al.[2] demonstrated that curved tourniquets on conical extremities require significantly lower arterial occlusion pressures than straight tourniquets Fig.

根据Crenshaw[1]等人的研究，充气压力较低时宽的止血带比窄的止血带更为有效：Pedowitz[2]等人证实采用弧形止血带对圆锥形的肢体部分加压时，使动脉闭塞所需的压力比使用直止血带(长方形，straight tourniquet)显著降低(图1—1)。

According to Crenshaw et al.[1], wide tourniquet cuffs are more effectie at lower inflation pressures than are narrow ones. Pedowitz et al.[2] demonstrated that cured tourniquets on conical extremities require significantly lower arterial occlusion pressures than straight tourniquets Fig.

根据Crenshaw[1]等人的研究，充气压力较低时宽的止血带比窄的止血带更为有效：Pedowitz[2]等人证实采用弧形止血带对圆锥形的肢体部分加压时，使动脉闭塞所需的压力比使用直止血带(长方形，straight tourniquet)显著降低(图1—1)。

Methods:Rubber tubing,half-hitch tourniquet and our MSPHB were used to treat 18 anesthetized mongrel dogs with fatal femoral artery injury.

采用橡皮带止血带、卡式止血带和多功能自控加压止血绷带3种止血带对18只犬进行股动脉止血。

Tourniquets should only be used when optimal surgical conditions cannot be achieed without their use, as the resultant production of acidosis, reduced blood flow, and hypoxia creates sickling and further injury.

不使用止血带就不能获得最佳的手术状况时，方使用止血带。使用止血带可导致酸中毒、血流减少以及低氧导致细胞镰状并发生进一步的损伤。

Proper use of tourniquet is beyond the scope of this article, but tourniquets should only be use when all of the above recommendations have failed.

正确使用止血带是范围以外的这篇文章，但止血带应只应在上述所有建议都失败了的时候。

Venipuncture when 2 M In of prolapse of nature of armrest of antebrachium edge chair, can increase pressure of vein of limbs Yuan Duanjian, make arm vein natural inside short time plentiful, after handlers take advantage of an opportunity plunges into hemostatic belt, make the same score the arm put on chair armrest, the place that hemostatic belt ties is apart from puncture to nod 10~15 Cm, time is beautiful with 30~120 S, after such making that syringe needle enters blood-vessel, continueing to advance in the process, cause loss not easily to hemal wall, raised puncture to become power and hemal repeated usage...

静脉穿刺时前臂沿椅子扶手自然下垂2 m in，可增加肢体远端浅静脉压力，使手臂静脉在短时间内自然充盈，操作者顺势扎止血带后将手臂平放于椅子扶手上，止血带扎的位置距穿刺点10~15 cm，时间以30~120 s为佳，这样使针头进入血管后在继续行进过程中，不易对血管壁造成损伤，提高了穿刺成功率和血管重复利用。。。

Posttourniquet syndrome, as first recognized by Bunnell[1], is a common reaction to prolonged ischemia and is characterized by edema, pallor, joint stiffness, motor weakness, and subjective numbness. This complication is thought to be related to the duration of ischemia and not to the mechanical effect of the tourniquet. Sapega[2] et al.

止血带综合征首先由Bunnell[1]认识，是肢体对长时间缺血的共同反应，表现为水肿、苍白、关节僵硬、运动无力以及主观感觉麻木，被认为与缺血持续时间有关，而与止血带的机械作用无关。

Posttourniquet syndrome, as first recognized by Bunnell[1], is a common reaction to prolonged ischemia and is characterized by edema, pallor, joint stiffness, motor weakness, and subjectie numbness. This complication is thought to be related to the duration of ischemia and not to the mechanical effect of the tourniquet. Sapega[2] et al.

止血带综合征首先由Bunnell[1]认识，是肢体对长时间缺血的共同反应，表现为水肿、苍白、关节僵硬、运动无力以及主观感觉麻木，被认为与缺血持续时间有关，而与止血带的机械作用无关。

There is no rule as to how long a tourniquet may be safely inflated. The time may vary with the age of the patient and the vascular supply of the extremity. In an average healthy adult under 50 years of age, we prefer to leave the tourniquet inflated for no more than 2 hours. If an operation on the lower extremity takes longer than 2 hours, it is better to finish it as rapidly as possible than to deflate the tourniquet for 10 minutes and then reinflate it.

目前还无法证实止血带使用多长时间是安全的，这个时限可能因患者的年龄及肢体的血供而异。50岁以下的健康成人，我们一般掌握止血带的单次使用时限不超过2小时，如果下肢的手术需要2小时以上时，应设法尽快完成手术，这比松开止血带10分钟后，再次将止血带充气更好。

There is no rule as to how long a tourniquet may be safely inflated. The time may ary with the age of the patient and the ascular supply of the extremity. In an aerage healthy adult under 50 years of age, we prefer to leae the tourniquet inflated for no more than 2 hours. If an operation on the lower extremity takes longer than 2 hours, it is better to finish it as rapidly as possible than to deflate the tourniquet for 10 minutes and then reinflate it.

目前还无法证实止血带使用多长时间是安全的，这个时限可能因患者的年龄及肢体的血供而异。50岁以下的健康**，我们一般掌握止血带的单次使用时限不超过2小时，如果下肢的手术需要2小时以上时，应设法尽快完成手术，这比松开止血带10分钟后，再次将止血带充气更好。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。