模糊逻辑

It is the first important step in video analysis and will directly affects the effectiveness of indexing Shot boundary detection is one of our major research interests and we will tackle the following existing problems the ambiguity between gradual change and camera motion, the discontinuity during gradual change, false detection caused by illumination variation and flashlight, automatic threshold selection Firstly, we discuss shot boundary detection in non-compressed domain In chapter 2, we compare some of the commonly used detection methods which are based on frame difference and point out that single feature will not generate good results As a conclusion, we use fuzzy logic to combine multiple features Presently, most frame difference based shot boundary detection algorithms rely on threshold and hence the selection of such thresholds will greatly affect the performance of boundary detection We propose a membership function to define frame difference and calculate the membership with self adaptation according to the statistic distribution of frame differences to satisfy different type of video clips Experiments show that the proposed fuzzy shot boundary detection algorithm can be used with different video types and has a high detection precision and recall In chapter 3, we discuss model-based shot boundary detection algorithms regarding chromatic and spatial editing effects such as fade-in, fade-out, dissolve and wipe Various parameters are proposed to better describe the characteristics of each editing type.

镜头边界的检测是把视频自动地分割为一个个镜头，作为基本的索引单元，因此它是视频分析重要的第一步，直接影响到视频检索的成败。镜头边界的检测是本文研究的重点之一。目前镜头边界检测算法主要存在以下问题：渐变与镜头运动难以区别；渐变过程中的不连续与停顿、光照条件的变化及闪光灯等特殊情况会引起误检测；自动选择阈值比较困难等。本文首先针对非压缩域视频进行了镜头边界检测的研究。在第二章中我们采用了比较流行的基于帧间差的方法。在比较各种帧间差计算方法的基础上，指出使用单一的特征难以取得很好的检测效果，提出用模糊逻辑综合使用各种特征。目前大多数基于帧间差的镜头边界检测算法都采用阈值法进行镜头转换的判别。阈值选择的误差对检测性能有较大的影响，本文提出用隶属度函数定义帧间差较大、中等较大和较小等概念，并根据帧间差的统计分布自适应地确定隶属度，以适应不同类型的视频片断。实验结果表明这种基于糊逻辑的镜头边界检测算法可以适应不同的视频，并具有较高的检测精度和检出率。在第三章中采用基于模型的方法进行镜头渐变的检测，研究了淡入／淡出、慢转换和扫换的模型。

Many\|valued Logic ; Fuzzy Logic ; Formal System L *; Extension L *; Completeness

多值逻辑；模糊逻辑；形式系统L*；扩张L*；完备性

In this paper, the basic principles of vector control, coordinate transformation, the mathematical model induction motor control and fuzzy theory, for vector control characteristics, the design of a rate based on fuzzy logic controller to form a new vector control system, using MATLAB / SIMULINK Software simulation analysis.

本文阐述了矢量控制的基本原理、坐标变换、异步电机的数学模型以及模糊控制理论，针对矢量控制特点，设计一个基于模糊逻辑的速度控制器来组成新的矢量控制系统，利用MATLAB/SIMULINK软件进行仿真分析。

Based on the supervisory control strategy presented by Wang Lixin in 1994 and the approximation capability of generalized multilinear fuzzy logic systems, a new adaptive fuzzy control scheme called model reference adaptive fuzzy control for M1MO systems is proposed in this paper.

针对一类不确定非线性系统，基于王立新1994年提出的监督控制方案并利用广义多线性模糊逻辑系统的逼近能力，提出了一种MIMO系统的模型参考自适应模糊控制器设计的新方案。

Based on analysing the respective characteristics of regular PID controller in trational control theory and fuzzy logical controller in intelligent control theory, the idea and technique of expert system is introduced to develop a novel kind of hybrid intelligent controller. It can coordinate two kinds of control algorithms and tune the control parameters on-line for different working zones of the controlled process.(3) The hybrid knowledge expression model, which combines discrete state space model, fuzzy relational model and rule base model, is proposed based on analysing the characteristics of all kinds of knowledge expression models. The knowledge of the controlled process in different aspects can be expressed resonably by it. Based on the model mentioned above, the related optimization strategy for complex system is developed.

本文的主要贡献体现在：（1）以炼油厂的催化裂化装置和钢铁联合企业的大型焦炉装置两个典型的复杂工业过程为例，分析了工业大系统的许多不易控制的特性，并归纳了其中的几个典型特征；（2）针对经典控制理论中的常规PID调节器和智能控制技术中的模糊逻辑控制器各自的特点，通过引入专家系统的思想和方法，开发了一类混合式专家控制器，它同时具备在线协调两种不同控制规律和自动学习控制规则的能力；（3）通过分析各种知识表达模型的特点，提出了一类包括离散状态空间模型、模糊关系模型和规则基模型在内的混合知识表达模型，它能对过程知识在各个不同侧面给予合理的描述。

It studies the evaluation for the performance of mechanical products based on fuzzy neural network, describes the fuzzy manipulation of evaluation targets with the membership function of trapezium formulae.

模糊神经网络为机械产品性能评价开辟了新的评价方法，模糊逻辑模仿人脑的逻辑思维，用于处理模型未知或不精确的评估与控制问题[1 ] 。

In the design, first, fuzzy logic systems were used to approximate the unknown functions, and the state observer was developed for estimating the unmeasured states.

设计中，首先用模糊逻辑系统逼近未知非线性函数，然后引入模糊自适应观测器估计系统的状态。

On the aspect of intelligent control, fuzzy neurons network technology which integrating artificial neural network and fuzzy logic organically has strong ability of studying, adapting, fault-toleranting and disposing indeterminate information, it can execute autonomically the process of"ratiocination— dicision", this kind of method is the important development direction of lighting intelligent control in the future.

在智能控制方面，把人工神经网络和模糊逻辑有机地结合起来的模糊神经网络技术具有很强的学习、适应、容错能力和处理不确定信息能力，能够自主完成&推理——决策&的过程，这种智能控制手段是未来照明的智能控制领域的一个重要发展方向。

In the neural networks control, the structure and the working principle of the cerebella model articulation controller are discussed firstly, and then based on the mutual supplements and the similarities between FCMAC and fuzzy logic,fuzzified cerebella model articulation controller is proposed. The learning control system based FCMAC are introduced in detail. Through the example of FCMAC used in the swinging up a pendulum control, the excellent control effects are demonstrated.

在神经网络控制方面，本文主要研究了小脑模型关节控制器，并进而根据CMAC与模糊逻辑的互补性与相似性，提出了模糊小脑神经网络控制器，详细讨论了FCMAC的学习控制系统与FCMAC的自学习机理，通过FCAMC对倒单摆控制的具体例子表明，FCMAC控制具有优良的控制效果和强的鲁棒性。

It discusses the structure of a four-phase fuzzy controller which take primary motorcade and extraessential motorcade into consideration. It introduces a compound control method using vehicle flux as reference.

基于对传统模糊逻辑控制器设计结构的分析，讨论了综合考虑关键车流和非关键车流四相位模糊控制器的结构，并且采用了以车流量为参考数据的复合式控制方案。

Chrysanthemum of 10 thousand birthday is lax to edaphic requirement, with the arenaceous qualitative loam with fecund, good drainage had better.

万寿菊对土壤要求不严，以肥沃。排水良好的砂质壤土为好。

He unstepped the mast and furled the sail and tied it.

他拔下桅杆，把帆卷起，系住。