模型

The object of projectile design is analyzed, and the layer-TOPSIS method is provided for the evaluation of total effectiveness by taking the layer concept into the TOPSIS method. In the calculation of object weights, the grade calculation method is suggested, which has less dependence on the subjectivity of decision-maker and can take account of both sensitivity and allowableness of objects, the geometric-arithmetic method is provided for grade weight calculation and methods for sensitive weight and allowable weight are given. Of modes in system analyzing, the penetration model of target with spherical-fragment is carried out based on the theory of Dynamic Spherical Cavity Expansion, and it is a supplement of the models for calculation the damage of the fragmentation warhead to target.

对弹丸设计进行了目标分析；通过在TOPSIS方法中引入层次结构的概念，提出了适用于弹丸总体效能评价的层次TOPSIS评价方法；在指标权重计算中，提出了对决策者主观依赖较少的能反映指标的敏感性和相容性的分级权重计算方法；在分级权重计算中，分别给出了等比-等差权值计算方法和敏感-相容权值计算方法；在系统分析的模型中，对破片战斗部的威力计算中的模型进行了补充，在空穴膨胀理论的基础上提出了球形破片侵彻有限厚靶板的侵彻计算模型。

Consequently, this essay choose the "Z-Score Model", which was developed by Altaian, the famous American expert in risks management, to analyze and evaluate the listed companies' credit risks in China and to verify its efficiency to Chinese stocks market. The " Z-Score Model" is an innovation in the evaluation of companies' credit risk in the United States' banks, which is now being used widely. If the model is also applicable in Chinese stocks market, it will be significant in both theories and practices.

因此，本文选用作为美国商业银行信用评估方法的一次重要创新的，目前仍被美国商业银行广泛使用的，由美国著名信用风险管理专家Altman建立的"Z评分模型"(Z-Score Model)来对我国上市公司的信用风险状况进行实证研究，验证其在我国股票市场的有效性程度，如果能证明"Z评分模型"同样适用于我国证券市场，并将其改造为更适合我国上市公司的信用风险分析模型，将不仅具有很大的理论价值，而且也具有十分重要的现实意义。

METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats, 9 weeks of age, were injected intraperitoneally with STZ to create diabetes. At 2 week after the models were created, BDNF protein was administered into the vitreous cavities of rats. At 4 week after the models were created, the rats were killed and the retina was removed for Western blotting and Whole-mount immunohistochemistry for TH to observe the changes of TH and dopaminergic amacrine cells in retina.

9周龄Wistar大鼠，链脲佐菌素（streptozotocin，STZ）腹腔注射，制成糖尿病模型，于模型建立2wk后，大鼠眼玻璃体内注射BDNF溶液，于模型建立4wk后，处死大鼠，取出眼球，取视网膜组织进行Western blotting及视网膜铺片免疫组织化学染色检测，观察视网膜中TH水平的变化，从而反映糖尿病大鼠视网膜中多巴胺能无长突细胞水平的变化。

Each ambient noise model consists of a sound source model and a sound propagation model.

每一个环境噪声模型都包含噪声源模型和传播模型两部分。

The mathematical model for formulation design and optimization of expanded ammonium nitrate rock explosive is also studied.

文中论述了含C、H、O、N元素的工业炸药配方设计数学模型的建构方法，研究了岩石膨化硝铵炸药配方设计及最优化的数学模型，给出了岩石膨化硝铵炸药配方设计及最优化数学模型的计算机计算结果。

The model selection and parameters optimization for analog channel were discussed. The Laplace model and the Gauss model in common used in the video frequency were researched.

讨论了模拟信道的模型选取和参数优化，研究了视频序列中常用的Laplace模型和Gauss模型，提出了一种带校正系数的虚拟相关信道参数估计方法，验证了虚拟相关信道更接近残差数据的真实分布。

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

In the situation, this paper brought up the risk analysis and evaluation method on the basis of intelligent control and network communication technology for Network Communication System. The risk analysis and evaluation of Network Communication System firstly discussed the character of network communication and its risk. At the following we estimate a risk evaluation model according the distribution of the systems risk by time and space. Otherwise, we combined Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation with Analytic Hierarchy Process, and set up the multi-grade fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for Network Communication System.

该方案主要通过讨论网络通信系统及其风险的特性，根据风险的时间和空间分布规律，以"风险"为整个网络通信系统安全模型的评估和分析对象，确立网络通信系统风险分布的量化评估模型，同时，就不同区域和不同时段的风险通过引入层次分析的一般方法来确定它们的权重系数，最后，通过模糊综合评判法则对系统中模糊不确定性因素进行数学化的抽象，建立一个反映其本质特征和动态过程的理想化的数学评估模型。

In this paper, the mathematic model of the 3D garment basic pattern is divided into geometry model and analytical model, the former decides the fundamental structure of garment basic pattern surface, but the latter presents the analytical expression.

考虑到服装设计的特殊性，文中将三维服装原型的数学模型区分为几何模型与解析模型两类，前者确定了服装原型曲面的基本结构，后者给出了解析表述。

Blend various advantages of the coding project of the parameter audio frequencies in the meantime, carried on adjustment on the coder structure, have to a certain signal more the mold piece of coding result, if wave structure analytical transformation short time of the mold piece, double the composition examine and double the transformation short time mold piece etc.

论文针对目前一部分参数音频编码音源模型在高采样率下出现的各种问题进行改进，提出一种而向44.1KHz/48KHz高采样率音频信号的参数音频编码系统，使用了可以有效兼顾码率与音质的多分辨率正弦模型和多分辨率ERB噪声模型。

I am sure after a few weeks of adaptation and familiarization I will have no difficulty in functioning on a daily basis in an English speaking society or in participating fully in graduate studies.

在大学的三年的学习生活不仅给予我自身的充实，更重要的是磨练和培养了我较强的自觉能力和严谨，踏实的作风以及不怕困难的精神，对未来充满了信心！

As the first volcanoes erupted, one of the gases that bellowed out was steam.

在第一批火山喷发时，喷出的气体之一就是水蒸汽。