模型

According to characteristic of model parameters, direction criterion based on model parameter identifying is proposed to decide the direction of faults.

本文提出了一种新的基于模型参数识别的快速方向元件，即将线路分别等效为R-L模型、T模型和Π模型，然后建立相应线路等效模型下区内、区外故障时的数学模型，利用最小二乘法求解模型参数—系统电阻R和系统电感L，根据得到的模型参数的特性，构造出基于模型的参数识别方向判据，从而判断出故障的方向。

The result shows that: The variation rhythm of the sensitivity index changed unanimously for Jensen,Blank and Stewart water production functions of spring wheat in Liangzhou city,the volume is small in the former stage,then become large at the middle stage,and less at the last stage. Jensen and Stewart water production functions are better of spring wheat in Gulang County in 1987-1989. The Variation rhythm of water deficiency sensitive index is unanimous: the volume are small at first,then large at middle,and diminish at last. The Variation rhythm of water deficiency sensitive index is unanimous in Jensen,Blank and Minhas of flax in Liangzhou county in 1987-1989. The water deficiency sensitive index in Gulang district in 1987-1989 models bad,are too many minus.

结果表明：1985-1986 年凉州春小麦Jensen 模型、Blank 模型和Stewart 模型的敏感指数变化规律接近一致，在前期较小，中期增大，最后再减小。1987-1989 年古浪春小麦水分生产函数以Jensen 模型和Stewart 模型拟合较好，其敏感指数变化规律比较一致，敏感指标值前期较小，中期增大，后期又减小。1983-1985 年凉州亚麻水分生产函数以Jensen 模型、Blank 模型和Minhas 模型敏感指标值变化规律比较一致：先减小，后增大，最后再减小。1987-1989 古浪亚麻敏感指数出现负值较多，模型拟合较差。

The result shows that: The variation rhythm of the sensitivity index changed unanimously for Jensen,Blank and Stewart water production functions of spring wheat in Liangzhou city,the volume is small in the former stage,then become large at the middle stage,and less at the last stage. Jensen and Stewart water production functions are better of spring wheat in Gulang County in 1987-1989. The Variation rhythm of water deficiency sensitive index is unanimous: the volume are small at first,then large at middle,and diminish at last. The Variation rhythm of water deficiency sensitive index is unanimous in Jensen,Blank and Minhas of flax in Liangzhou county in 1987-1989. The water deficiency sensitive index in Gulang district in 1987-1989 models bad,are too many minus. 3 Establishing the non-linear model to definitive the irrigation quota and dimension of single crop,according the three prototype Precipitation,allocating the limited water optimally according to full water supply,95 percent,75 percent and 50 percent. Economy benefit is the biggest aim function,so getting three groups for irrigation quota,irrigation dimension and benefit,the biggest benefit is the most optimal result.

结果表明：1985-1986 年凉州春小麦Jensen 模型、Bl(来源：10a1ABC论文网www.abclunwen.com)ank 模型和Stewart 模型的敏感指数变化规律接近一致，在前期较小，中期增大，最后再减小。1987-1989 年古浪春小麦水分生产函数以Jensen 模型和Stewart 模型拟合较好，其敏感指数变化规律比较一致，敏感指标值前期较小，中期增大，后期又减小。1983-1985 年凉州亚麻水分生产函数以Jensen 模型、Blank 模型和Minhas 模型敏感指标值变化规律比较一致：先减小，后增大，最后再减小。1987-1989 古浪亚麻敏感指数出现负值较多，模型拟合较差。3 建立单作物种植条件下灌溉定额与灌溉面积的确定的非线性规划模型，将有限的水量按照充分供水，95%、75%和50%供水来分配水资源，以经济效益最大为目标函数，得出三组灌区灌溉面积和效益结果，其中以效益最大为最优解。

There are eight main hypotheses about the selective factors on evolution of endothermy in animals, including Thermal Niche Expansion Model, Homeothermy and Metabolic Efficiency Model, Decreasing Body Size Model, Postural Change Model, Increasing Brain Size Model, Aerobic Capacity Model, Parental Care Model and Assimilation Capacity Model.

内温性起源的选择因子包括8个模型：热生态位扩展模型、恒温与代谢效率模型、降低个体大小模型、姿势改变模型、增加脑大小模型、有氧呼吸能力模型、双亲行为模型和同化能力模型。

After theoretic analyzing support vector machine technique, the equipollence of support vector classification and regression problems is proofed, and a uniformed expression of support vector machine problem is gotten. The noise stained case is studied emphatically, and the experiment shows that a better result will be obtained by assigning weight factor to fit noise distribute characteristic. A multi-multiplier minimal optimization algorithm for norm-1 problems is deduced, and a kind of improved Gilbert geometric algorithm for norm-2 problems is introduced, which is applied in regression problems successfully.

课题细致深入地讨论和研究了软测量模型的三个基本问题，首先是软测量模型的可实现性，即软测量模型存在唯一解的条件，以及知识利用的度量等一些相关的概念，体现出混合软测量模型在知识利用有效性上的优势；然后对模型不确定性的概念进行了讨论，研究了模型可靠性问题，得出测量精度与软测量模型可靠性之间的关系；最后讨论了软测量模型与传统软测量方法的关系，说明软测量模型是传统软测量方法的发展。

Based on AFCT, a new adaptive staring principle is established using floating threshold which is calculated by system reference model based on extrapolation method and linear regression algorithm. The principle of "forecasting model on line identifier"and"forecasting model parameters'selftuner"are put forward. In the module of"adjustment mechanism", the forecasting method of break points is introduced to fulfill control functions to "forecasting model parameters'self tuner".

本文详细讨论了针对输电线路主保护的自适应预测模型的建立方法，应用时间序列法和自回归模型或动平均自回归模型建立了精确反映保护对象状态量的系统预测模型，以自回归模型为例给出了"预测模型在线辨识"环节和"模型参数自适应校正"环节的算法，应用"适应机构"实现其对"模型参数自适应校正"环节的控制作用，应用并行计算算法实现了在继电保护中的"预测模型在线辨识"环节，使系统状态预测模型自适应于变化的电力系统。

The information integrated pattern based on PDM/PLM in the course ofmanufacture is put forward. Under the constraints of building CAPP platform, thearchitecture of CAPP platform is established. The models of decision making andfunction for process planning are given. Then the development means of CAPP basedSmarTeam are extracted.3. The structure of modular product life cycle is established. Toward the divisionand planning of the General Modules oriented product family, theCAD/CAPP integrated model of flexible module based on feature and CAD/CAPPmapping model based on process planning match board are set up. The keytechnologies of Solidworks/SmarTeam/CAPP integration are studies.4. From the point of view of process match board and step match board, theprocess of creating to process planning match board is studied. As an example, themachining process planning of up beam of hydraulic press machines is used tointroduce the establishment of process planning match board by means of inferencebased on expert knowledge. The organize model about the process planning matchboard oriented product family is brought forward.5. The multi-decision methods of CAPP system based on analytic hierarchy aregiven.. On the basis of uniform data model, the sub-machining process planning ofpart is auto-created by means of analytic hierarchy, The step decision methods basedon AHP is put forward.6. For the design/manufacture information in the course of product life cycle, thetree structure based on Object-Oriented and static model based UML are founded. Themethod of establishing design/manufacture information management system isbrought forward. The commercial PLM software—SmarTeam is regarded asdevelopment platform, on basis of which, the design/manufacture informationmanagement system is built, and the multi-view mapping technique ofdesign/manufacture information model is studies.7. A computer-aided CAPP platform based on PDM/PLM is founded, and itsstructure, function, work flow is illustrated. Some example of the system areintroduced.

阐述课题提出的目的和意义，明确了本文研究的主要内容。2、提出基于PDM/PLM的制造过程信息化集成模式；在平台式CAPP系统的设计约束模型基础上，构建了平台式CAPP系统的体系结构；并给出工艺决策模型和功能模型；最后提出基于SmarTeam的CAPP开发模式和实现策略。3、建立模块化产品生命周期模型的组织结构；针对面向产品族的广义模块的划分和规划方法，建立基于特征的柔性模块CAD/CAPP集成模型及基于工艺模板的CAD/CAPP映射模型；研究Solidworks/SmarTeam/CAPP集成的关键技术。4、从工序模板和工步模板的角度研究了工艺模板的创建过程；以液压机上梁模块机加工为例，采用基于专家知识的推理技术实现了工艺模板的创成；提出了面向产品族的工艺模板分层结构树的组织模式。5、提出基于分层规划的多模式工艺决策流程；在统一数据模型的基础上，从特征层和零件层分层规划，实现了零件加工子工艺的自动创成；提出基于AHP的工步排序决策方法。6、针对产品生命周期中的设计/制造信息，建立了面向对象的类树结构和基于UML的静态结构模型；提出基于PDM/PLM软件的设计/制造信息管理系统的构建方法；以商品化PLM软件SmarTeam作为开发平台，开发了基于SmarTeam的设计/制造信息管理原型系统；研究设计/制造信息模型多视图映射机制。7、开发了基于PDM/PLM的平台式CAPP原型系统，构建了系统的功能模型，并对系统的主要功能进行说明，给出系统的运行实例。

Density Functional Theory method was used to optimize the geometries of 209 PCDE molecules, 209 PBDE molecules and 75 PCDD molecules at the B3LYP/6-31G* level. Using computed structural parameters as theoretical descriptors, the forward stepwise multiple regression technique was adopted to obtain QSPR models of environmental partition properties for these POPs by using GQSARF 2.0 and SPSS12.0 for windows programs. The obtained QSPR models are as follows:(1) QSPR models for predicting subcooled liquid vapor pressure, n-octanol/water partition coefficients lgK_(ow and subcooled liquid water solubilities -lgS_(w,l of PCDEs, of which correlative coefficients (R~2) are 0.988, 0.958 and 0.959 and the root-mean-square-error of estimation are 0.134, 0.116 and 0.327 respectively.(2) QSPR models of lgPL and n-octanol/air partition coefficients lgK_(oa for PBDEs, which both contain three structural parameters. The values of R2 for the two models are both 0.997 while the values of RMSEE are 0.073 and 0.062 respectively.(3) QSPR models of lgKow and–lgS_ for PCDEs, which both have one variable (mean molecular polarizability,α). The values of R~2 for the two models are 0.978 and 0.866 and the values of RMSEE are 0.300 and 0.270 respectively.(4) The molecular structures of 24 substituted naphthaline compounds were optimized using Hartree-Fock and DFT methods at four different levels and the same means was used to obtain four three-parameter (EHOMO, q~+ andα) QSPR models of lgK_. The model at the HF/6-311G** level is the best one of which R2 is 0.9662 and RMSEE is 0.380.(5) QSPR study for environmental partition properties of PCDEs was also performed using position of Cl substitution method in which simple parameters of substitution position were taken as descriptors. The multiple linear regression was performed with GQSARF 2.0 and SSPS 12.0 for windows programs to obtain QSPR models of lgP_L, lgK_ and–lgS_ for PCDEs of which R~2 are 0.991, 0.983 and 0.965 and RMSEE are 0.311, 0.100 and 0.300 respectively.

采用密度泛函理论方法在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上对PCDEs、PBDEs和PCDDs的分子结构进行了全优化计算，以计算得到的量子化学参数作为理论描述符，采用GQSARF 2.0和SPSS 12.0 for windows统计程序进行正向逐步回归分析，建立了这些POPs的环境分配性质的QSPR模型：(1) PCDEs的过冷液体蒸汽压、正辛醇/水分配系数lgK_(ow和水溶解度-lgS_(w，l的QSPR模型，这3个QSPR模型的相关系数(R2)分别为0.988、0.958和0.959，估计的均方根误差分别为0.134、0.116和0.327；(2) PBDEs的lgPL和正辛醇/空气分配系数lgK_(oa的QSPR模型，这两个模型都包含三个分子结构参数，其R~2都为0.997，RSMEE分别为0.073和0.062；(3) PCDDs类化合物的lgK_和-lgS_w的QSPR模型，两个模型都只含一个变量，其R~2分别为0.978和0.866，RSMEE分别为0.300和0.270；(4)采用Hartree-Fock和DFT方法，在4种不同水平上优化计算了24个取代萘系列化合物的分子结构，采用上述同样的方法分别建立了四种水平上的三变量lgK_模型，通过比较得到，在HF/6-311G**水平计算得到的模型最好，R为0.966，RSMEE为0.380；(5)同时，采用氯原子取代位置方法对PCDEs的环境分配性质进行QSPR研究，建立了PCDEs的lgPL、lgK_和-lgS_的QSPR模型，其R~2分别为0.991、0.983和0.965，RSMEE分别为0.110、0.100和0.300。

Using Basket warrants transaction data on TSEC from September 4, 1997 to June 25, 2001, the combination of five volatility models classical history volatility; Parkinson's(1980 high, low history volatility model; Garman and Klass's(1980) high, low, opening, closing history volatility model; Trippi's(1977) equal weights implied volatility model; Bollerslev's(1986)GARCH volatility model with two pricing models Black and Sholes's(1973 option pricing model, henceforth BS pricing model; Chen and Cheng's(2000) basket option pricing model, henceforth CC pricing model are discussed on valuation performance to obtain superior basket warrants pricing model.

本文利用1997年9月4日至2001年6月26日间在台湾证券交易所发行且已到期的组合型认购权证，使用五种波动性估计模型历史波动性模型、Parkinson(1980的最高、最低价历史波动性模型、Garman and Klass(1980)的最高、最低、开盘、收盘价历史波动性模型、Trippi(1977)的等加权平均隐含波动性模型、Bollerslev(1986)的GARCH波动性模型与Black and Sholes(1973)选择权评价模式、陈松男与郑翔尹(2000)的组合型认购权证评价模型(CC组合型认购权证评价模型)配对成十种评价模型，并比较其评价绩效，冀期能得到一较佳的组合型认购权证评价模型。

The definition, composition, and the formalisation expression of process are depicted, the process characteristics of networked manufacturing system is studied, and a basic process hierarchical structure, which is considered to be important to show the structure of networked manufacturing system, is given.

首先构建了以控制模型为主，功能模型、资源模型、组织模型和数据模型为辅的三维集成化模型框架，通过控制模型建立起其他几个视图模型之间的内部关联，通过资源模型和组织模型来反映网络化制造系统中组织的分散性和过程对动态资源的调度与分配。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。