棘皮动物

The available published literatures on echinoderm immunological mechanisms are compiled and discussed here to understand its evolution process and the hot spots or directions in future investigations.

因此，有必要对棘皮动物的免疫学研究进展作一个较全面的综述，并理清未来的研究热点和方向。

Echinoderm: This creature has no brain or eyes and cannot be affected by Blind- or Mind- related magic.

棘皮动物：这个生物没有脑子或者眼睛，所以免疫致盲和精神法术。

Echinoderm having a flexible sausage-shaped body, tentacles surrounding the mouth and tube feet; free-living mud feeders: sea cucumbers.

身体灵活形如香肠的棘皮动物；触须分布在嘴和管状脚的周围；自由生活的泥地食客：海参。

Mainly by the echinoderm trepang, the sea urchin, the metacrinus rotundus, the sunstar, the crustacean shrimp, the crab and the deep sea fish and so on is composed.

主要由棘皮动物海参、海胆、海百合、海星，甲壳动物虾、蟹和深海鱼类等组成。

Sea cucumber belongs to the Holothurioider of Echinodermata, and it is one of the important food and drug resources in the sea.

海参属棘皮动物门海参纲，是海洋中重要的食物和药物资源。

Primitive echinoderms having five or more feathery arms radiating from a central disk.

原始的棘皮动物，有五只或更多的软臂从中心圆盘放射状伸出。

Studies on the regeneration process of amputated starfish arm s are of great importance in the validation of the mechanisms of metazoan regeneration.

对海盘车腕再生过程的研究，对于早日揭示棘皮动物等后口动物的再生机理具有重要意义。

The larva-specific expression level of the function correlated to celluar components was the highest.The highest specific expression level of molecular function was appeared at neurula stage.A lot of functional specific expression about biological process was also appeared at neurula stage.7.The result showed that the pearson correlation coefficient was 0.896 compared between the sea urchin and Ciona savignyi.

进一步分析发现：在与细胞组件相关的功能特异性表达方面，幼体期的特异性表达量最高；在与分子功能活性相关的功能特异性表达中，神经胚时期的特异性表达量最高；而参与生物过程的功能特异性表达方面，神经胚时期的特异性表达量则最高。7不同物种间转录组分析显示尾索动物海鞘的转录组与棘皮动物海胆的最接近，其相关系数为0.896，而海胆与文昌鱼的相关系数只有0.682，结果表明在进化上文昌鱼可能与脊椎动物更接近。8运用Apache、php、MySQL技术搭建了Widows平台的文昌鱼EST分析数据库。

A perforated platelike structure in most echinoderms that forms the intake for their water-vascular systems .

筛在大多数棘皮动物身上的一个多孔板状的结构，构成它们水管系的进口

Any of various echinoderms of the class Crinoidea, including the sea lilies and feather stars, that are characterized by a cup-shaped body, feathery radiating arms, and either a stalk or clawlike structure with which they are able to attach to a surface.

海百合纲动物任一种属于海百合纲的棘皮动物，包括有海百合以及毛头星等，其特征是身体成杯状，有羽状外延腕和可以吸附在海底的肉柄或爪状结构

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。