栲

The results showed that the concentration of dissolved organic carbon in leachate from fresh litter fall was lower and that from F layer was higher for both plantations. In Castanopsis plantation, DOC concentration declined with the increasing number of leaching times, whereas that in China fir plantation increased at first then decreased.

光谱特征。结果表明，格氏栲和杉木人工林新近凋落物淋出液的DOC浓度较低，F层淋出液的DOC浓度较高；格氏栲凋落物淋出液的DOC浓度基本上随淋溶次数的增加而降低，杉木的则先升后降。

No pairs of negative correlation existed in prime stage,while the pair number of positive correlation and non-correlation was roughly equal.

报告云南鸡足山半湿润常绿阔叶林元江栲群落和高山栲群落植物种间结合的研究结果。

If time that 95% of dry matter is decomposed expresses turnoverperiod of litterfall decomposition,the turnover periods of Chinese fir,Castanopsis fissa,Schimasuperba,Castanopsis fargesii,ficus simplicissima,Maesa japonica,Boehmeria nivea,Woodwardiajaponica,Angiopteris fokiensis and Dicranopteris dicotoma put in 20-year-old Chinese firplantation are 2.7,2.1,3.0,2.2,0.5,1.9,0.3,1.5,0.9 and 3.9 years,respectively;they are 2.2,1.6,2.0,1.6,0.3,1.7,0.4,1.3,0.7 and 2.8 years put in 25-year-old Chinese fir plantation,respectively.

若以95%的干物质被分解后所需的时间表示凋落物的周转期，在20年生杉木林内，杉木、闽粤栲、木荷、丝栗栲、三龙爪、杜茎山、苎麻、狗脊、观音座莲和芒萁的凋落物周转期分别为2.7、2.1、3.0、2.2、0.5、1.9、0.3、1.5、0.9和3.9年；在25年杉木林内，它们分别为2.2、1.6、2.0、1.6、0.3、1.7、0.4、1.3、0.7和2.8年。

But the seedling survival rate of Castanopsis hystrix in the forest gap was obviously higher than that of the undergrowth.

林窗中红栲种子成苗率显著高于林下红栲种子成苗率，同样是无盖网埋藏深度2cm的处理，林窗红栲种子成苗率为7.2%，林下为1.6%。

The earliest and reliable Castanopsis fossil records date back at least to Eocene, and subfamily Castaneoideae fossil records found from Paleocene, it is indicated that appearance of Castanopsis is not later than Paleocene . All fossil records of Fagaceae and Castanopsis report from the Northern Hemisphere and their main distribution regions are in the Northern Hemisphere . It can be concluded that the Northern Hemisphere is the center of origin of Fagaceae and Castanopsis . However, owing to the discrepancy between fossil data and results of modern botany research as well as scarcity of fossil data from key area, precise center of origin of Castanopsis cannot be inferred.

栲属在地质历史上有着比现在广泛的分布，最早、最可靠的栲属化石记录发现于始新世地层，栗亚科化石在古新世就有发现，化石记录表明栲属起源的时间不晚于古新世，所有的壳斗科及栲属的化石都发现于北半球，现代分布也主要在北半球，壳斗科及栲属起源于北半球可以确认，由于化石证据与现代植物学的研究结果有较大差异以及关键地区化石证据的不足，具体的起源地尚不能肯定。

This fact supports the result from molecular research that floristic migration in this region is limited.

现代栲属植物有110～134种，主要分布在东亚及东南亚，其中印度支那地区有82种栲属植物，是世界栲属植物分布最集中的地区，马来西亚地区是栲属特有种最丰富的事实是支持马来西亚地区与其它地区的区系交流十分有限的论据。

After restoration 8 years Casta nopsiscarlessiivar.spinulosia,Symplocos satchuenesis and others evergreen broadleaf trees seeding increased. Pinus massoniana and Gordonia acuminata seeding decreased. After 11 years, Castanopsis carlessiivar.spinulosia, Symplocos satchuenesis and others evergreen broadleaf trees seeding were dominated.There was no Pinus massoniana seeding, and Gordonia acuminata seeding was very little .

结 果表明：(1)在恢复的前2年，马尾松、大头茶的幼苗占绝对优势，其次是川灰木、小叶栲的幼苗，其他树种的幼苗较少；恢复后的第8年，川灰木、小叶栲和其他树种的幼苗增加，马尾松和大头茶的幼苗减少；恢复后的第11年，川灰木、小叶栲和其他常绿阔叶树种的幼苗占优势，林下无马尾松幼苗，大头茶的幼苗也较少。

Therefore,"Huang Chi Yun Nan ++ Gui Ying Sloanea" diversity than the "mangrove trees ++ Nanling mangrove leaf 栲" diversity, greater abundance index.

因此&黄枝润楠+猴欢喜+大叶桂樱&群落多样性比&栲树+南岭栲+大叶栲&群落多样性高，丰富度指数较大。

In addition,"Huang Chi Yun Nan ++ Gui Ying Sloanea" than homogeneous communities "Nanling 栲++ mangrove tree leaves 栲" Community low Simpson index lower but the Shannon-Wiener index greater.

另外&黄枝润楠+猴欢喜+大叶桂樱&群落的均匀度比&栲树+南岭栲+大叶栲&群落低，辛普森指数较低但香农—威纳指数较大。

The object list is bright:( 1 ) Breakingfruit Chinkapin fibre's pH is lower , and it haw big Buffer capacity;( 2 ) Breakingfruit Chinkapin fibre has good permeability, When making MDF our should suitably enlarge Resin content;( 3 ) Along with compound than reducing of (Breakingfruit Chinkapin fiber / other wood fiber ), internal bond strength modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity has trend that at first down than upward.

结果表明：（1）黎蒴栲材热磨纤维的pH值低，缓冲容量大；（2）黎蒴栲材纤维的渗透性良好，制造MDF时应适当加大施胶量；（3）随着复合比（黎蒴栲纤维/其他树种纤维）的减少，MDF的内结合强度、静曲强度、静曲弹性模量成先下降后上升的趋势。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。