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Alpha particle s have two positive charges and a mass of four atomic mass units; they are identical to helium nuclei.

因为α粒子有两个正电荷,质量为4,射出后产生的子核的正核电荷和原子序数都比母核小两单位,质量小四单位。

G/ml. After wt-p53 transfection and VCR treatment, the number of Bel-7402 cells was decreased; the cells were swollen severely with irregular projections; pyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis were observed. After wt-p53 transfection, the expression of mdr1 and P-gp in Bel-7402 cells was down-regulated remarkably, and the expression of TopoⅡα was up-regulated.

形态学检查转染细胞,在VCR作用下细胞数明显减少,细胞散在不成片、细胞高度水肿、胞体不规则突起,可见核固缩、核裂解、核溶解。p53基因对Bel-7402细胞的mdr1/P-gp的表达有明显的抑制作用,对TopⅡα基因的表达有上调作用,对GSTπ、MRP基因表达没有影响。

Brainstem is a middle station in messager transfer ring and take part in almost all the important function in central never system.

由于脑干内部有动眼神经核、滑车神经核、外展神经核的同时还有与核间性眼肌麻痹有关的内侧纵束和桥脑水平侧视中枢等结构。

However, since Barrington's nucleus contained not only projection neurons to the lumbosacral spinal cord, but also those to the nucleus of the solitary tract and thalamus, and dendrites of neurons located in its surrounding nuclei extend into the nucleus.

然而,由于 Barrington's 核的核区内包含有临近核团神经元的树突,同时还含有投射到孤束核和丘脑的投射神经元。

Glioma is still one of refractory disease in the neurosurgical field; the development of new primary and adjuvant treatment is vital. Recently, the gene therapy of glioma is developed rapidly and there are many methods about the gene therapy that include: suicide gene therapy, immunologic gene therapy, drug resistangce gene therapy, angiostatin gene therapy and so on. The sucide gene therapy is the most potential approach of antitumer, these nonmammalian genes encode enzyme that convert nontoxic prodrugs into highly toxic metablites. Cells transfected with suicide genes are targeted for specific negative selection, witch can be induced by administrtion of the corresponding produg. Among the enzyme/produg combinations, two of the best characterized system are herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase /ganciclovir and Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase /5-flourocytosine (5-FC). The formor can convert the antiviral nucleoside analogs acyclovir , ganciclovir to their nucleoside monophosphate derivatives, the monophosphate forms are subsequently phosphorylated by endogenus cellular kinases to triphosphates, these molecules are potent inhibitors of DNA synthesis.

近年来脑胶质瘤的基因治疗发展迅速,应运而生的方法有自杀基因、免疫基因、多药耐药基因以及抗血管生成基因等,其中自杀基因被认为是最有前景的基因治疗方法,它又称病毒介导的酶/药物前体疗法,是利用转基因技术将哺乳动物细胞中所不含有的自杀基因转入到哺乳动物肿瘤细胞中,该基因表达的产物可将无毒的药物前体转化为毒性药物,从而选择性杀伤该肿瘤细胞,常用的自杀基因有单纯疱疹病毒-胸苷激酶基因和大肠杆菌胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因,前者催化无毒性抗病毒核苷类似物如丙氧鸟苷、无环鸟苷等成为单磷酸核苷衍生物,然后在内源性细胞激酶作用下转化为具有明显毒性的三磷酸核苷,作为DNA合成链的终止剂和DNA合成酶的抑制剂,干扰细胞DNA的合成;后者编码的胞嘧啶脱氨酶可催化5-氟胞嘧啶(5-FC)脱氨成为5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU),然后代谢为有毒性的5-氟尿嘧啶-5′三磷酸(5-FUTP)和5-氟-2′脱氧尿嘧啶-5′磷酸(5-FdUTP),5-FUTP通过与UTP竞争性结合而抑制mRNA和tRNA的合成,5-FdUTP则作用于胸苷合成酶,导致TMP衰竭而阻止DNA的合成,最终诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。

Results In the condition of obturation and humidity, Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the leucorrheas survived longer in middle quantity than in few and mass. The survival time of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was short in dryness. In a few quantity (10/ml), karyote could phagocytize Neisseria gonorrhoeae and shorten its survival time, but in the quantity above 300/ml, karyote could prolong its survival time.

结果 在密闭保湿状况下,白带标本中的淋球菌在中量时存活时间长,少量或大量时其存活力相对较低;在干燥状况下,淋球菌存活时间短;在菌量很少(10/ml)时,有核细胞可以吞噬淋球菌而导致淋球菌存活时间减少,但在菌量较多时(大于300/ml)时,有核细胞可以延长淋球菌存活时间。

Dinoflagellate have many traits different from prokaryotes and eukaryotes:the cells have nuclei, but the nuclear membrane is discontinuous; There are many chromosomes in the nuclei, but the chromosomes remain permanently condensed during cell cycle; The cristae of mitocondria is tubular, and the cells have no typical endoplasmic reticulum.

甲藻细胞虽有核膜,但双层核膜不连续;有多个形态结构完整的染色体,但染色体在整个生命周期中永远处于高度凝集状态,DNA纤维的折叠方式与典型真核生物中期染色体完全不同;线粒体的嵴为管状。

Biochemical indicator such as TG and SF were unregulated while 1 system or 2 system reduced in peripheral blood; Bone marrow hyperplasia showed active or active obviously. Complete morphological nucleated cells mature erythrocytes or platelet hemophagocytic cells were found in 100% marrow slides. Marrow hemophagocytic cells were quantified as 0.5 to 11 per micro liter Median 4.2 per micro liter. Phagocytes showed smaller size single nucleus on one side. Submitting as rings cell plasm showed gray or salmon pink and cell showed disorder fringes.

结果: 符合HPS者30例诊断为HPS早期21例;HPS早期有持续高热峰值≥38.5 ℃、发热期≥4天发病与感染相关;以病毒感染最多见,生化指标TG增高、SF增高;外周血细胞一系或二系减低;骨髓增生活跃或明显活跃,骨髓片(100%)找到吞噬了完整形态的有核细胞、成熟红细胞或血小板的噬血细胞骨髓噬血细胞0.5-11个/ul中位数4.2个/ul吞噬细胞体积偏小多为单个核核偏一侧,可呈印戒样,胞浆灰兰或淡红色,细胞边缘不整齐。

In general, this malaria parasites in the mature or nearly mature erythrocytes, schizonts usually large, occurre in mature erythrocytes with more 20 merozoites most commonly arranged in mass.

两性配子体较大,均为长形,雄性配子体有驱核现象,并使寄主细胞膨胀变大;雌配子体较雄配子体长,有一定的包核现象。

The major clinical manifestation was lymph node enlargement found in all patients. Skin involvement and osteolysis were not frequent. The characteristic finding was leukemic cells with highly indented or lobulated flower-like nuclei in peripheral blood and bone marrow. ATL cells were CD2,CD3,CD4,CD25 positive and CD8 negative. No specific chromosome abnormality or HLA type was found. Seven of 8 patients examined had HTLV-Ⅰ antibody. The HTLV-Ⅰ provirus genome sequence integrated into host cell DNA was amplified by PCR and confirmed by liquid hybridization. All of these results showed that HTLV-Ⅰ was also the etiological agent of ATL in China. One of the 9 cases of ATL was classified as lymphoma type, one as chronic-type, and the rest as acute type.

结果和结论确诊9例ATL,其临床特征主要为淋巴结肿大,皮损及溶骨改变少见,外周血及骨髓出现典型的花瓣状核淋巴细胞,胞体大,核畸形,免疫表型为CD-1、CD+2、CD3+、CD4+、CD-8,还表达CD25等激活标记,染色体核型及HLA分型未发现有规律性的变化。8例ATL中有7例血清HTLV-Ⅰ抗体阳性,应用PCR及液相杂交法可检出整合到宿主细胞DNA中的HTLV-Ⅰ病毒序列,表明在我国HTLV-Ⅰ也是ATL的病因。9例中1例为淋巴瘤型,1例为慢性型,7例为急性型ATL,治疗效果及预后均不良。

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