无果实的

Fertilization played an important role in early calcium uptake by fruit. There was no fertilization in parthenocarpy fruit, and calcium concentration was very high during full inflorescence period.

授精作用对果实早期钙营养的吸收具有重要作用，单性结实的果实无受精过程，在花前钙浓度已居很高水平。

Fruit indehiscent silicle, didymous, schizocarpic, reniform, cordate, or obcordate, angustiseptate, sessile, breaking into 2, 1-seeded, closed halves; valves woody, obscurely to prominently veined, glabrous or hairy, keeled or rounded, reticulate, rugose, verrucose, tuberculate, or rarely smooth; replum rounded; septum reduced to a rim or absent; style obsolete or to 1 mm; stigma capitate, entire.

果不裂短角果，成双，schizocarpic，肾形，心形，倒心形，果实狭隔的或，无梗，闯进2，1种子，裂爿木质，不明显兑一显著脉，无毛或有毛，龙骨状或圆形，，具皱纹，瘤状，具瘤，平滑的或很少；假隔膜绕行；隔膜退化至一凸缘或无；花柱废退的或到1毫米；柱头头状，全缘。

And yet this time removed was summer's time, The teeming autumn, big with rich increase, Bearing the wanton burden of the prime, Like widowed wombs after their lords' decease. Yet this abundant issue seemed to me But hope of orphans and unfathered fruit, For summer and his pleasures wait on thee, And, thou away, the very birds are mute; Or,if they sing,'tis with so dull a cheet That leaves look pale, dreading the winter's near.

而离别时正值夏天硕果累累，蕴藏着丰收的秋天满载着春天狂欢纵乐的果实像失去夫君，大腹便便的寡妇不过对于我这丰盈的收获只是惨淡的希望，如无父孤儿般乖异的果实因为夏日和它的欢乐只属于你你一走，鸟儿也愿再展喉或者，即便歌唱，声调也那么凄切树叶变得惨白，畏惧着寒冬的到来。

Fruit dehiscent silicles, oblong, ovoid, ellipsoid, or globose, terete, rarely slightly latiseptate or angustiseptate, sessile; valves veinless or obscurely veined, glabrous, papillate, or with simple trichomes, smooth; replum rounded; septum complete, perforated, or absent; style obsolete or to 3 mm; stigma discoid, entire.

果开裂短角果，长圆形，卵球形，椭圆形，或球状，，很少稍具宽隔膜或果实狭隔，无梗；裂爿无脉或不明显脉，无毛，具乳突，单的或具，平滑；假隔膜绕行；隔膜完全，在上打孔，或无；花柱废退的或到3毫米；柱头盘状，全缘。

Fruit indehiscent, schizocarpic, didymous, angustiseptate silicles, sessile or shortly stipitate; valves oblong, obovate, or orbicular, 1-seeded, leathery, smooth, broadly winged, keeled, glabrous; replum rounded; septum complete, thickened, opaque, veinless; style obsolete, rarely to 0.5 mm; stigma capitate, entire.

不裂的果，schizocarpic，成双，果实狭隔短角果，无梗或具短柄；裂爿长圆形，倒卵形，或圆形，1种子，革质，平滑，具宽翅，龙骨状，无毛；假隔膜绕行；隔膜完全，加厚，不透明，无脉；花柱淘汰，很少对0.5毫米；柱头头状，全缘。

The results showed that 22.5μL/L of clove leaf oil had the best preservation effect on peach. After 35 days of stock, the sound fruit rate was 94%, 46.9% higher than compared group. The rotten index and the browning index were 94.1% and 85.2% lower than the control, respectivly, and the treatment could remarkablely reduce the respiration rate and ethylene release, and postponed ethylene release peak and respiration peak 5 and 10d, respectively in comparison with CK, it also delayed the drop of firmness and contents of titrable acids of the peach. When stored for 35d, firmness of control group and 22.5μL/L of clove leaf oil were decreased 60% and 34% compared with initial storage, and the activities of SOD, CAT and POD were enhanced, but the contents of SSC had no obvious difference with control.

结果表明，与对照相比，22.5μL/L丁香叶油处理对桃果实的防腐保鲜效果最好，贮藏35d时好果率为94%，比对照提高了46.9%，腐烂指数和褐变指数分别比对照低94.1%和85.2%；丁香叶油处理可以有效降低桃果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量，呼吸强度高峰和乙烯释放量高峰分别推迟5和10d，延缓了果实硬度和可滴定酸含量下降的速度；贮藏35d时对照和22.5μL/L丁香叶油处理果实硬度分别比贮藏初期降低了60%和34%；丁香叶油处理提高了超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶3种膜脂过氧化物酶的活性，但可溶性固形物含量与对照相比无明显差异。

With selection, evaluation and the continuous self-pollination, two whole female parent lines were developed. Line A is green base fruit and hairless surface with few convexities, while line B with green base fruit and short thin thorn.

为此，我们于2000年从引进国外10品种，对此进行系统观察、鉴定、评价，通过连续自交的方式，纯化亲本，选育成A型果实基部绿色，果面有稀疏瘤突、无刺毛，B型果实基部绿色，果面有稀疏瘤突，且有短细刺毛的二个全雌性自交系亲本。

It was confirmed that facultative apomixes is existed in coffee species based on emasculating treatment, cyto-genetic observe and SSR marker detection.

细胞遗传学观察发现咖啡四倍体类型材料(2n=4x=44)的多胚和多胚苗中含有天然的单倍体胚和单倍体小苗(2n=2X=22)；去雄处理后，可见子房膨大，其中5份材料获得了果实和种子，初步说明无融合生殖现象的存在；对小粒种品种间杂交F1代个体的SSR分析，发现多胚苗中存在与母本图谱相同且不携带父本特异带的后代以及携带双亲特异带的有性后代，表明子代有仅来自母本的无融合生殖个体分离出来。 3 建立了咖啡无融合生殖的分子鉴别方法。

The results showed:①Anthocyanin content in mature fruits was 132170 U·g-1FW in bud mutation which was very significantly higher than that in'Ralls'(49140 U·g-1FW);②Activities of PAL and UFGT were almost the same between the two materials, but CH I and DFR activitieswere significantly high in bud mutation, which were related to the increase of anthocyanin levels in the mutant;③Bagging treatment inhibited anthocyanin synthesis of bud mutation. But anthocyanin content had significantly increased after removing the bags. Activities of CHI and UFGT increased rap idly and were much higher than those in the control after the bag removal. The increase was consistentwith the imp rovement of anthocyanin levels.

结果显示：①在果实发育期间，芽变果皮的花青苷含量明显高于'国光'，尤其是成熟期芽变果皮花青苷含量为132170 U·g-1FW，而'国光'仅为49140 U·g-1FW；②在果实发育期间，两个品种间PAL 和UFGT的酶活性无明显差异，但芽变的CHI和DFR酶活性明显高于'国光'，表明芽变花青苷合成能力的提高与CHI和DFR酶活性高有关；③套袋抑制芽变果皮花青苷的合成，但解袋后花青苷的含量极显著升高，解袋后4种酶的变化趋势差异较大， CHI和UFGT活性均迅速升高，明显高于对照，这与解袋后花青苷迅速合成相吻合。

Rresults from those studies can be summariazed as follow:(1) A preliminary study no correlationship between the UV-VIS reflection spectrum of tomato fruit surface and the lycopene amount of tomato fruit was undertaken. Based on observation from this study, a damage-free and in-situ detection technique of lycopene amount from tomato was developed with UV-VIS reflection spectroscopy;(2) The geometrical isomers of lycopene were separated successfully on C30-HPLC-PDA-ELSD. The absorption coefficients of Z-isomers were consequently dedermined. The geometrical isomer composition of lycopene could therefore be assessed. Those efforts formed a solid base to identify the natural product from synthetic compound of lycopene;(3) Lycopene resource from the fruit of Autumn oliver was proved to be available for industrial application. An extraction methos of lycopene from the fruit of Autumn oliver by supercritical carbon dioxide was developed at laboratory scale;(4) A method to extract lycopene by supercritical liquid with improved efficiency was developed; Data from this investigation suggested that a proper raw material pre-extraction process was important for a better extraction efficiency;(5) Variation in the geometrical isomer composition of lycopene during its metabolish in rat was assessed. A large amount of Z-isomers were observed. This variation took place in serum;(6) The absorption rate and accumulation in serum of natural lycopene in rat were assessed;(7) Ability to quench singlet oxygen by different geometrical isomers of lycopene was compared;(8) It was detected that whether natural lycopene had functions to regule blood-lipids and LDL antioxidation;(9) A C31 degradation piece of lycopene was found in the prostate gland of rat.

研究结果包括：[1]应用UV-VIS反射光谱法建立了番茄果实中番茄红素含量的无损伤、现场检测技术；[2]应用C30-HPLC-PDA-ELSD技术实现了对番茄红素几何异构体的分离，测定了不同顺式异构体的吸光系数，建立了天然番茄红素几何异构体组成的检测方法，为区分和鉴定人工合成品和天然产物奠定了基础；[3]证实了秋橄榄果实中的番茄红素资源具有工业开发价值，并建立了超临界CO_2萃取的实验室方法；[4]探索了提高番茄红素超临界流体萃取效率的方法，证明了物料前处理对提高萃取效率起了极其重要的作用；[5]观察了番茄红素在大鼠体内几何异构体组成的变化情况，发现了大量顺式异构体的存在，并证实了几何异构体组成在血清中发生了显著变化；[6]测定了天然番茄红素在大鼠体内的吸收率和在大鼠血清中的动态积累规律；[7]比较了不同番茄红素几何异构体淬灭单线态氧的能力；[8]检测了天然番茄红素是否具有调节血脂作用和抗低密度脂蛋白氧化的功能；[9]首次发现大鼠前列腺内存在番茄红素C31降解片段，并证实其仍具有淬灭单线态氧的能力。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。