文献学者

Obtain from the literature, Western scholars\' premise about studying the issue of insurance fraud is based on the assumption that in the general insurance market, all policyholders are trend to misreport the true state of the insurance accident, when the insurance company investigate the policyholders\' claim, they know the true state of the insurance accident.

本文在收集和整理前人研究关于保险欺诈方面文献的基础上，对保险公司与投保人关于保险欺诈(虚报保险事故、夸大保险损失)的问题进行了博弈研究，并建立了数学模型。从文献可以看出，西方学者研究保险欺诈的问题时其前提假设一般都是基于保险市场上所有的投保人都是不诚信的，索赔调查具有完全性。

We conclude and analyse the relation types of phonology and sememe, the disciplinarian of phonology transformation, combine rules of phonology and sememe of the 379 sets of paronym.

本文以现代词源学理论为指导，运用比较互证法、义素分析法、数据统计法等方法，以《广雅疏证》的语言材料为依据，参考先秦两汉文献及汉唐注疏、清人集解，借鉴前辈学者和当代学者的研究成果，对王念孙排比出的具有同源关系的一组组词进行语音语义分析，共整理出379组同源词。

In the 21th century , it is the first question to be thought for the philologist to develop the philological study of Yijing and other ancient books.

在新世纪里，易经文献整理如何发展和继续，这是从事易学研究的文献学者需要首先思考的问题。

In the 21rt century, it is the first question to be thought for the philologist to develop the philological study of Yijing and other ancient books.

在新世纪里，易经文献整理如何发展和继续，这是从事易学研究的文献学者需要首先思考的问题。

This paper, through the retrieving and analysis of a wealth of English and Chinese literature, makes an all-round analysis of the research results and basic viewpoints on China's tourism made by Chinese scholars, foreign scholars and Chinese scholars residing abroad, and holds discussions on the basic wend in the course of tourism research .

本文通过对大量英文和中文文献的检索和分析，以几个重要的主题作为阐述的基本框架，比较全面地分析了中国本土学者、外国学者以及旅居国外的中国学者对中国旅游问题的研究成果和基本观点，并对旅游研究过程中所呈现的基本趋势进行了讨论。

A simulation-based model is applied to describing the phased-mission system with multi-repairer. Algorithms for calculation of the optimization quantity of spare parts are provided. To examine the applicability of the method, some examples are presented in this paper. Finally, the optimization quantity of spare parts following exponential distribution are calculated with both this method and analysable method.

近年来，许多学者在这方面进行研究，如文献[1]介绍了单阶段任务条件下部件寿命服从指数分布的备件携行量计算方法；文献[2]给出了其它几种特殊分布的计算方法，但都是针对单阶段任务条件下部件不可修情况的；文献[3]给出了一种基于BDD的多阶段任务备件携行量计算方法，但仍是仅研究了指数分布、且任务期间部件不可修的情况。

However, Liber Abaci was written in the Latin language of literature, so it is difficult to understand for researchers, specifically for Chinese scholars, to whom more difficult plus the lack of the original documentation.

但长期以来该书只有拉丁文本，加之全书以语言表述数学的形式，数学史界对此书缺乏完整而系统的研究，特别是中国学者苦于缺乏原始文献，以及阅读拉丁语的困难，只能通过一些通史性文献和原著选录中的片段进行初步研究。

Since they are now beginning to consider the necessity of technical manpower dispatching, the selection of the right temporary help service firms has become a very important issue.In the past, supplier evaluation and selection studies mostly focused on the manufacturing and service industries. Hence, this paper studied the past domestic studies conducted on supplier selection to understand the appropriate selection guidelines that would serve as the fundamental guidelines for the selection of outsourcing manpower companies. The PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations) proposed by Brans and Vincke in 1985 was used as the supplier selection tool for the study. Finally, we employed a simulated case study where we consolidated the selection guidelines,method and tools to create a reference for future practical applications and academic researches.

在过去，有关于厂商评选的国内外文献中，其研究对象以制造业及服务业居多，针对人力派遣公司评选准则之文献则相当的缺乏，因此，本研究将讨论国内半导体设备供应商评选技术人力派遣公司之准则，藉由过去国内学者对供应商评选之相关研究，寻得适宜的评选准则，以做为评选人力派遣公司之基础，采用由Brans及Vincke在1985年所提出之PROMETHEE（Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations）法做为评选供应商之工具，并将此方法藉由Excel应用软体予以辅助计算，最后，使用模拟个案，将研究所提出的评选准则、方法及工具三者结合，提供实务运作及学术研究上作为参考。

The ancient Babylonians had developed complex mathematical techniques to record the stars, the Greeks systemised the organisation of knowledge based on logic, Islamic scholars wrote astronomical and medical texts and Chinese inventors recorded recipes for gunpowder.

伊斯兰学者撰写了天文学文献和医学文献；中国发明者记录了火药的配方。

Since the 1970s, there has emerged a large amount of excavated books and records, yet to the studies of the excavated documents, the handed-down ancient Classics and the studies of the Classics done by scholars through the ages are still the foundation.

他认为，&古史辨&派在对上古史认识的大方向上是正确的，在古书辨伪方面则有许多地方需要纠正；我们今天对于疑古思想和学说应持继承与批判相结合的态度。20世纪70年代以后虽然涌现了大批出土文献，但就出土文献研究而言，传世典籍以及历代学者对传世典籍的研究仍然是基础。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。