数量

An objective interestingness function of rule is given.

讨论了数量关联规则提取过程中的连续属性离散化方法和规则的有趣性问题，给出了数量关联规则的客观兴趣度的度量函数，提出用模板匹配方法挖掘用户感兴趣的规则，以解决数量关联规则有趣性的主观评测，研究了一种挖掘支持度和兴趣度最优的形如(A∈ [v1 ，v2 ]∧ C1 ) C2 (其中 A为连续属性，C1 、C2 为类别属性)的数量关联规则方法，并将该方法应用于股市行情分析，实验结果表明是非常有效的。

Based on the capacity of affirming quantity, younger infants are sensitive to number which is the jumping-off point for them acquiring rich preverbal quantitative knowledge. In the early of preschool period, children construct many types of schemas, later they attain the concept of quantity conservation. Besides this conceptual knowledge, children's cognitive skills such as counting also develop rapidly.

基于天赋的"快速确认"数量的能力，较小的婴儿对数字就很敏感，以此为起点他们获得了丰富的前语言的数量知识；在幼儿早期建构了多种数量图式，到幼儿期末形成了数量守恒概念；除了这些概念性知识之外，儿童的数数等认知技能在幼儿到小学初期也获得了发展。

The Markov forecast model, time series method (triple exponential smoothing method and a combined of triple exponential smoothing method and Markov model) and stepwise regression forecast method were choosed, and the basic principles and processes of the three models were analyzed and compared. Based on above, the three methods were used to predict population dynamic of Cricetulus barabansis and Meriones unguiculatus. The characteristic, accuracy and applicability of three methods were analysed and compared. The results showed that,(1) Markov model belongs to a middle-long time forecast model, and the result was interval forecast, but it reached the requirement of forecasting the harmful population dynamic of rodents. Through the forecasted population dynamic of Cricetulus barabansis and Meriones unguiculatus in 2004, the results were accurate; this meant that Markov model was a good forecast model to Cricetulus barabansis and Meriones unguiculatus population.

选择马尔可夫链预测模型、时间序列分析法(三次指数平滑法、三次指数平滑法和马尔可夫链预测模型的组合预测法)和逐步回归预测法，对这三种模型的基本原理、模型的构建过程进行对比分析，在此基础上用此三种方法预测了黑线仓鼠和长爪沙鼠的种群数量，并对三种方法的特点、预测的准确度和适用范围进行了比较分析，结果表明：(1)马尔可夫链预测模型属于中长期预测，预测的结果为区间预测，但对于害鼠种群数量的预测来说已经达到要求，通过对2004年黑线仓鼠和长爪沙鼠种群数量的预测，预测的结果都比较准确，这说明对于预测黑线仓鼠和长爪沙鼠种群的数量动态，马尔可夫链模型是比较好的模型。

CD8~+ cell is the main T lymphocyte subset in spleen, and B lymphocyte mainly is IgG~+ cell, moreover the amount of these B lymphocytes could exceed CD3~+ T lymphocyte subset after 7 days. CD8~+ cell is the main T lymphocyte subset in tonsil of appendix, and B lymphocyte is IgM~+ cell, and the amount could exceed CD3~+ T lymphocytes after 35 days. After 21 days, B lymphocytes in esophago tonsil are the main IgA~+ cells and the amount exceeds CD3~+ lymphocytes. The amount of CD4~+ lymphocytes is more than CD8+ lymphocytes.4. CD3~+、CD4~+ and CD8~+ T lymphocytes in spleen mainly distribute in periarterial lymphoid sheath. However IgM~+、IgG~+ and IgA~+ cells mainly distribute in ellipsoid periarterial lymphoid sheath and germinal center. T lymphocytes in appendix tonsil mainly distribute in middle and inferior part of mucous and the B lymphocytes mainly in middle and mucous between 4~7 days. Whereafter T, B lymphocytes equably distribute in mucous. CD4~+ cells arrange tightly and mainly occupy the central part in aggregates of T lymphocytes in esophago tonsil and CD8~+ lymphocytes mainly distribute in periphery. Meanwhile B lymphocytes encircle the periphery of aggregates of T lymphocytes. The aggregates of B lymphocytes is mainly the germinal center with lots of IgM~+、IgG~+ and IgA~+ cells. Meanwihle T lymphocytes encircle the periphery of aggregates of B lymphocytes.5. There is an intimate relationship between the development of tissue structure of peripheral immune organs and lymphcytopoiesis. The maturation of tissue structure is stimulated by the immigration of lymphocytes and the mature tissue structure provides place where lymphocytes grow mature and functionate.

脾脏在21日龄时达到稳定，食管扁桃体和盲肠扁桃体均在35日龄时达到稳定；脾脏中T淋巴细胞亚群以CD8~+细胞为主，B淋巴细胞则以IgG~+细胞为主，并在7日龄后数量超过CD3~+T淋巴细胞；盲肠扁桃体中T淋巴细胞亚群以CD8~+细胞为主，B淋巴细胞以IgM~+细胞为主，并在35日龄后数量超过CD3~+T淋巴细胞；21日龄后，食管扁桃体中B淋巴细胞以IgA~+细胞为主，数量超过CD3~+细胞，CD4~+细胞的数量多于CD8~+细胞。4、在T、B淋巴细胞组织定位方面，脾脏中CD3~+、CD4~+和CD8~+T淋巴细胞主要分布在动脉周围淋巴鞘中，而IgM~+、IgG~+和IgA~+细胞主要分布在椭球周围淋巴鞘和生发中心中；4～7日龄时，盲肠扁桃体中T淋巴细胞主要分布在粘膜固有层的中下部区域，而B淋巴细胞则主要分布在中上部区域，随后各日龄T、B淋巴细胞均匀地分布在粘膜固有层中；在食管扁桃体的T淋巴细胞聚集物中，CD4~+细胞紧密排列，主要占据中央部位，CD8~+细胞主要散布在外周，同时B淋巴细胞又环绕在整个T淋巴细胞聚集物的外周；B淋巴细胞聚集物主要为生发中心，其中存在大量IgM~+、IgG~+和IgA~+细胞，同时T淋巴细胞又环绕在整个B淋巴细胞聚集物的外周。5、外周免疫器官的组织结构发育和淋巴细胞发生之间存在密切的关系，淋巴细胞迁入淋巴器官刺激组织结构的发育成熟，同时成熟的组织结构又为淋巴细胞发育成熟并行使功能活动提供场所。

Recent studies indicate land fiscalization is one of the important reasons for land decrease.

研究结果表明：①土地财政与耕地数量之间存在相互反馈作用；②土地财政是导致我国耕地数量减少的重要原因，其影响的弹性系数为-0.01；③土地财政对耕地保护具有正反两方面作用：一方面，土地财政刺激地方政府形成城市扩张冲动，导致耕地数量减少；另一方面，土地财政带来土地开发整理增加耕地面积的大幅增加，降低耕地减少速度；④经济、人口和城镇化等社会经济因素也是导致我国耕地数量减少的重要原因。

Temporally, rhizobium abundance in root and pericarp is obviously higher at pod-bearing stage than any other growth stage. Rhizobium abundance in various floral organs rapidly increases after pollination. During ovary-to-legume germinative process, rhizobium abundance in ovary wall and ovule increases logarithmically. Endogenous rhizobia are found in ovule only after fertilization, and rhizobium abundance in young seeds is higher than in fertilized ovule. This implies that endogenous rhizobia can be transported and colonized in early germinated seedlings.

在时间上，结荚期根、荚果皮内的根瘤菌数量明显高于其他时期；花内各器官在授粉后根瘤菌数量迅速增加；由子房向荚果发育的过程中，子房壁和胚珠内的根瘤菌数量随时间呈对数增长；胚珠在受精后即存在有内生根瘤菌，并且幼嫩种子内生根瘤菌数量远高于受精胚珠，证明内生根瘤菌能被转运并定殖在发育早期的种子中。

The main findings of the empirical analysis include: 1 The decisions concern the choices of auto ownership, mode to work, and auto use were made simultaneously and interrelatedly. 2 The decline in correlation between the choices of auto ownership and use as the number of vehicle increase indicated that to own multi-vehicles in not necessary due to the demand for auto use. 3 Both price elasticity and income elasticity for auto ownership are low. This evidence implies that auto has become a kind of necessity for household. Therefore, the effect of decreasing the tendency of auto growth by means of increasing the cost of owning auto would not be significant. The price elasticities of auto use are between -0.48 and -0.78. 4 There are same underlying factors influencing auto ownership, mode to work, and auto use including: parking time at residential location, accessibilities to work location by auto and transit, auto use unit cost, and the percentage of auto use for work. These factors indicate a direction for the formatting of future automobile policies.

本研究以台湾地区之家户个体资料从事实证分析，实证分析之主要结论如下：1小汽车持有数量、工作者工作运具选择、与小汽车使用量等选择间确有相关与联立性存在；2小汽车持有数量选择与小汽车使用量选择间之相关性会随小汽车持有数量的增加而降低，显示选择持有多部小汽车并非完全基於小汽车使用之需要；3小汽车持有之价格弹性与所得弹性均偏低，显示小汽车已成为民生必需品，欲以提高小汽车持有成本之价格手段来抑制小汽车持有，并无法竟其功，小汽车使用需求之价格弹性则在-0.48与-0.78间；4影响小汽车持有数量、工作者工作运具、与小汽车使用量等选择主要之相关或共同因素包括：家户附近停车状况、私人运具与大众运输工具之工作可及性、小汽车单位使用成本、与小汽车工作使用比率等，以上这些影响因素可为日后小汽车相关政策的研拟提供一方向。

Results show that the insect community structure in the Bt fields differed sharply from that in the CV fields. The populations of the Lepidopterous pests, such as cotton bollworm, corn borer, diamond bollworm and cotton leaf caterpillar, decreased significantly in the BT fields, while the populations of non-target pests with piercing-sucking mouthparts, such as leaf bugs, cotton spider mites, cotton aphids and whiteflies, increased obviously. Much more predators, such as spiders and ladybirds, and much less parasitiods of Helicoverpa armigera were observed in the BT fields.

结果表明，与常规棉田相比，Bt棉田棉铃虫、玉米螟、金刚钻、棉小造桥虫等鳞翅目害虫种群数量显著降低，而盲蝽象、红蜘蛛、棉蚜、烟粉虱等非靶标刺吸式害虫种群数量显著增加；蜘蛛、瓢虫等捕食性天敌种群数量显著增加，而棉铃虫的寄生性天敌种群数量则显著下降。

During the study period, we found that plants were present only in natural creek banks, but not altered ones. Comparisons between natural banks without plants and altered banks revealed no significant difference in both shrimp abundance and distribution. However, there was significant difference in shrimp abundance when natural banks with plants and altered banks were compared, suggesting that construction might have negative effects on plants and, in turm, on shrimp abudance. Comparisons between reproductive and non-reproductive season yielded significant results in both shrimp abundance and distribution, which resulted from the recruitment of juveniles to local populations.

在实验期间，自然河段有水蕴草而整治河段没有水蕴草的存在，比较无水蕴草的自然河段与整治河段，发现无论是数量或出现率都没有显著差异，然而，在有水蕴草存在的自然河段之多齿新米虾数量与出现率则较整治河段高，显示哈盆溪可能因为整治工程影响了底质的型态，导致水蕴草不易生长，进而影响多齿新米虾的数量及出现率；在季节方面，结果显示，不同季节在数量和出现率上都有显著差异，而此差异是因为幼虾在生殖季大量加入族群所致。

Seasonal variation of the distributions of microorganism in the root-zones of wetland plants (Phragmites australis, Zizania latifolia, Zizania latifolia etc.), the substrate layers of control SSPs, together with the effects of wastewater treatment were studied. The results are as follows: the numbers of microorganisms in the different plant root-zones were different; the purification effects were also different. The number of microorganisms in the substrate of the control plot becomes smaller with increasing depth. The numbers of bacteria in fall were higher than those in the summer for the three plant zones and the control, and the number of fungi and actinomyces in summer was much higher than that in the fall for control. As for fungi and actinomyces in the experimental systems, most of their difference between the summer and fall were not as big as that in the control.

通过对不同季节芦苇、茭白和香蒲等湿地系统植物根区、无植物对照基质微生物分布状况以及净化效果的研究，结果显示：（1）种植不同植物的湿地系统根区微生物数量不同，其湿地净化效果也不同；（2）对照系统微生物的数量随基质深度的增加而递减；（3）季节变化显示湿地系统秋季的细菌总数量比夏季高；但对照系统夏季的真菌和放线菌数量明显高于秋季；（4）湿地系统TP的去除率夏季高于秋季。

If you are unfortunate enough to the lovelorn, please tell me, I will help you out, really, please contact me!

如果你不幸失恋了，请告诉我，我会帮助你摆脱困境，真的，请联系我啦！

China's plan to cut energy intensity by 20 percent and pollutant discharges by 10 percent between 2006 and 2010 is a case in point.

中国计划在2006年到2010间降低20%的能源强度和减少10%的主要污染物排放，就是一个这样的例子。