政党的

As for the acknowledgement of the modern Chinese semi-colonial, semi-feudal society"s characteristics ,Zhou en-lai stated very deeply and much earlier than Mao ze-dong .the Chinese revolution is that the bourgeois democratic revolution leading by the Chinese communist party and the revolution should be subdivided into "two steps", which Zhou en-lai stated clearly in the first cooperation of the KMT and CP ;while on the Chinese revolution"s motivation problems during Zhou"s early travel of Europe, he divided 5 revolution motivations ,and later clearly pointed out the revolution"s dependent power is workers, peasants, the small capitalist class and the national bourgeoise.

他对于近代中国的半殖民地半封建社会性质的认识，早于毛泽东且论述非常深刻；对于近代中国革命是中国共产党领导的资产阶级民主革命和革命要分"两步走"步骤，周恩来在第一次国共合作时期就已有明确论述；而关于中国革命的动力问题，周恩来早在旅欧时期，就划分了五派革命动力，以后又清楚地指出工人、农民、小资产阶级和民族资产阶级是革命的依靠力量；对于帝国主义列强、新旧军阀、封建余孽和买办官僚，是中国革命的对象问题，周恩来在1924年的《革命救国论》中就已经解决了；中国革命的领导权必须掌握在无产阶级及其政党中国共产党的手里，这一认识周恩来也是很早且非常坚定的。

The US electoral system this kind of Americanizing characteristic, is we said its special voting way, is USs election although is the general election system, but voters direct voting is not throws for presidents candidate, but is throws to us said, US from 1784, his constitutionalism conference already determined, we said called ElectoralCollege to be called the elector to roll the system, then this elector rolled the system, meant said USs presidential election, in essentially was one kind, was not the direct general election, but was one kind of indirect general election, then each voter voted gives Honshus thisWe said the elector, finally acts according to this state, two political party candidates, who attains this state in all voter ticket most, then this state all elector ticket, directly for this presidential candidate, therefore we said this kind of system in the voting way, calls WinningTakeOver, who is in which state achievement, then he is only possibly simple most, but he can attain this state all elector ticket.

美国选举制度这种美国化的特点，就是我们说它的特殊的投票方式，就是美国的大选尽管是普选制，但是选民的直接投票不是投给总统的候选人，而是投给我们说，美国从1784年，他的立宪会议就已经确定的，我们说叫ElectoralCollege叫选举人团制度，那么这个选举人团制度，就意味着说美国的总统大选，在本质上是一种，并不是直接的普选，而是一种间接的普选，那么每个选民投票给本州的这个，我们说选举人，最后根据这个州，两个政党候选人，谁拿到这个州的所有选民票中的多数，那么这个州的所有的选举人票，就直接给这个总统候选人，所以我们说这样一种制度在投票方式上，叫WinningTakeOver，就是谁在哪一个州获胜，那么他可能只是一个简单的多数，但是他会拿到这个州的所有的选举人票。

After the party coming into power and the development of socialist market economy,the class basis and the mass basis have changed, which must be comprehended correctly bythe party if it wants to make being advanced effectuated. The party should increase its classbasis and widen its mass basis according to the requirements of the age.

在执政、特别是发展社会主义市场经济的历史条件下，党的阶级基础和群众基础都发生了的深刻变化，马克思主义政党要实现自身的先进性，必须正确认识党的阶级基础和群众基础的历史性变化，根据时代对党的先进性的要求，努力增强党的阶级基础，扩大党的群众基础。

Of the two great political parties which have divided the opinions and feelings of our country, the candid and the just will now admit that both have contributed splendid talents, spotless integrity, ardent patriotism, and disinterested sacrifices to the formation and administration of this Government, and that both have required a liberal indulgence for a portion of human infirmity and error. The revolutionary wars of Europe, commencing precisely at the moment when the Government of the United States first went into operation under this Constitution, excited a collision of sentiments and of sympathies which kindled all the passions and imbittered the conflict of parties till the nation was involved in war and the Union was shaken to its center. This time of trial embraced a period of five and twenty years, during which the policy of the Union in its relations with Europe constituted the principal basis of our political divisions and the most arduous part of the action of our Federal Government. With the catastrophe in which the wars of the French Revolution terminated, and our own subsequent peace with Great Britain, this baneful weed of party strife was uprooted.

至于导致我国在观点和情感上出现分歧的两大政党，率直公正的人现在都会承认，两党均为联邦政府的创建和运作贡献了杰出的才智、无暇地正直和热忱的爱国精神，并作出了无私的牺牲，当然两党都难免犯有人类的一部分毛病和错误，这也不足为怪，就在美国政府刚开始根据宪法运转之时，欧洲爆发了革命战争，由此激起国人互相对立的情绪和同情，导致全国群情激荡，党派冲突进而加剧，我国最终卷入了一场战争，联盟的支柱因而受到动摇，这一考验历时二十五年，在此期间，美国处理与欧洲关系的政策构成我们政治分歧的主要根源，也是联邦政府最为棘手的事情，随着法国革命战争在灾难中告终，我们随之幼鱼英国恢复和平，于是党派倾轧的这一毒草遂被连根拔除。

Close relationships consist of cases of well-known friendship; share ownership or directorships held by former heads of state or prime ministers as well as former directorships held by current politicians, foreign politicians, and well documented relationships with political parties (Gomez and Jomo, 1997; and Johnson and Mitton 2003), To establish the presence of connections, the names of top company directors were taken from Worldscope, Extel, company websites, and Lexis-Nexis, and the names of block-holders were identified from Claessens, Djankov, and Lang (2000), Faccio and Lang (2002), the web sites of the stock exchanges or their supervisory authorities, Worldscope, and Extel.

密切的关系包括知名的友谊盒；与政党以及前管理者的职位分享归属或管理者的职位举行由前国家首脑或总理举行由当前的政客、外国政客，和很好被提供的关系(Gomez 和Jomo 1997 年；并且约翰逊和Mitton 2003)，建立连接出现，顶面公司主任的名字被采取从Worldscope 、Extel 、公司网站，和全语汇Nexis，并且阻拦囤户的名字被辨认了从Claessens 、Djankov、和Lang (2000)， Faccio 和Lang (2002)，证券交易所或他们的监督权的网站， Worldscope，和Extel 。

To promote Party's progressiveness,Party organizations should make advantage of the function of Party management to guide and instruct Party members with necessary restraints imposing on their behaviours.The organizations should also establish a self-purifying mechanism by setting up a sound management system.The organizations should make efforts to establish a high quality official-team that can adapt to new situations and ...

因此，党的组织部门要运用政党管理的功能对党员进行教育引导和行为约束；要通过健全的制度建设形成党的肌体的自我纯结机制，建设好一支能够适应新形势、新任务要求的高素质领导干部队伍；要不断探索改进党员教育的内容和形式，保证党员先进性教育活动的针对性和长效性，严格把好党员的&入口关&和&出口关&，从根本上提高基层党员队伍的整体素质。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。