损耗

The 'life' in question is the useful economic life, which takes into account the fact that a machine may be obsolete before it is worn out or vice versa.

讨论的"寿命"问题，是指有用的经济使用期，它考虑了机器在损耗前或者是损耗后可能被废弃的因素。

Information technology - Lossy/lossless coding of bi -level images; Amendment 1: Encoder

信息技术。二值图像的有损耗/无损耗编码。修改件1：编码器

The main research results in this dissertation can be given as following:Firstly, the bidding strategies and affections of generation companies on the TOU power price are analyzed; Supply function model is employed to simulate the bidding strategies of generation companies in power pool. Some meaningful results are obtained through the proposed equilibrium equations model, when different bidding parameters are selected to maximize profit of suppliers, such as the the numeral of generation company, the block bidding, and power demand elasticity. Based on these results, the affections between the bidding strategies and the TOU power price are discussed.Secondly, the important principles consider the factor of bidding strategies of generation companies and consumers gaming strategies are proposed to constitute the new TOU power price model under present electricity market. Based on these pricinples a new mathematical model of TOU power price is constructed, to evade electricity market risk, partition the peak-valley, ascertain the consumers' response curve, and protect the ambilateral profits.Thirdly, the affections of the TOU power price strategies for reducing the network loss, adjusting node voltage, improving load curve of power system, and protecting the consumers' benefits in electricity market are analyzed with applications of a city real time load data of Jiangsu province.

针对"厂网分开，竞价上网"的电力市场运营模式，本文主要完成了以下研究工作：1研究了发电商不同的竞价上网策略，利用供给函数均衡方法，建立了发电商的竞价上网策略模型，给出了市场均衡解的具体解法；讨论了不同条件下发电商的竞价策略对市场的影响，并获得了发电商的最优上网竞价策略，明确了竞价上网与峰谷分时电价之间的影响因素；利用电力系统负荷曲线，建立了发电商最优竞价策略与峰谷分时电价之间的相互联系，通过仿真算例分析了峰谷分时电价与发电商最优报价之间的相互影响。2提出了"厂网分开，竞价上网"电力市场模式下，考虑发电侧竞价和用户侧博弈等风险因素影响，峰谷分时电价理论建模在规避电网企业运营风险，保护供电方与用户双方的利益、确定用户响应曲线、划分峰谷时段、设置合理的电价拉开比等方面所应遵循的基本原则，在此基础上建立了适合电力市场模式的峰谷分时电价模型。3从原理上分析了需求侧实行峰谷分时电价策略，对削峰填谷，提高负荷率，改善负荷曲线形状，降低电力系统的电能损耗和电压损耗等方面的影响，并进行了仿真验证。

H Handoff Gain/Loss This is the gain/loss factor brought by handoff to maintain specified reliability at the cell boundary.

切换增益/损耗：这是在小区边界为确保通话的可靠性而进行切换时所带来的增益/损耗因子。

This topic uses the switching mode is the entire bridge all controls the rectification filter, moreover the power source has also utilized the soft switch technology, causes its loss to reduce obviously, the DC-DC transformation use cuts the wave boosted circuit to realize, the structure is simple, the transfer efficiency is high; Selects the small breakover resistance, the high shutter speed P60N06 tube for the switching valve, to select the quick recovery diode rectification, reduces the reverse breakover time, reduces the loss.

本课题采用的开关方式是全桥全控整流滤波，而且电源还运用了软开关技术，使它的损耗明显降低，DC-DC变换使用斩波升压电路来实现，结构简单，转换效率高；选用小导通电阻、高开关速度的P60N06管为开关管、选用快速恢复二极管整流，减少反向导通时间，降低损耗。

The implements vertical multilayer light interconnecting with short span, solves upward or decurrent perpendicular catenation of optical path, makes integrated structure.

短跨距实现垂直方向的多层光互连，解决了光路向上或者向下的垂直耦合，制成一体化的结构，层之间的对准误差小，连接损耗低，容易实现软光刻转印，从高聚物转印上能充分发挥软光刻三维转印的优势，易安装；材料选用光学高聚物，具有较低的光学损耗和良好的环境稳定性。

The additional coupling loss is calculated, and the formulae of return loss of C-Lens collimator are given.

本文计算了C-Lens准直器的附加耦合损耗以及给出了准直器回波损耗的计算公式。

An experimental formula of bending loss is suggested on the basis of conformal transformation and normalized approach used in analysis of curved optical waveguides.

介绍了分析波导弯曲损耗的保形变换法和归一化方法以及由此得到的波导弯曲半径与弯曲损耗的关系式。

They consist of a coplanar wave-guide transmission line periodically loaded with 8 - 32 metal bridges, functioning as capacitive switches. Every switching element consists of a thin metallic membrane actuated by applied bias. Remarkable phase shifter performances were observed. 2 lAl0.96 Si0. 04 bridges MEMS Phase shifter reached to 372/3. 5mm under 20V bias at 35 GHz, the with an insertion loss (S21 of about 4 -7 dB...

该文介绍毫米波MEMS相移器的设计，研究低损耗衬底，Au，AlxSi1-x可动膜对下拉电压和传输损耗的影响，测试表明：21桥相位连续可调的分布式压控开关阵列一毫米波相移器在35GHz时，启动电压5V，20V时相移量达到372°/3.5 mm，并能在不同的控制电压下根据要求改变相移量。

The leakage magnetic field of welding transformer is studied by experiments. Furthermore, the current and voltage and their wave profile, core loss, load characteristics, etc.

铁心的损耗分布并不均匀，特别是在铁心的拐角处和尖角处，损耗会急剧增加。

Objective: To study the effect of polycythemia on blood oxygen saturation.

裴蕾目的：观察RBC剧增而引起的高粘血症对血氧饱和度的影响。

Based on SIMPLER algorithm in the curvilinear body-fitted coordinates, the calculations were performed for Pr=0.7, Re=10~1000 on non-orthogonal non-staggered grids which are generated by elliptic equation systems.

采用曲线坐标系下压力与速度耦合的SIMPLER算法，数值研究了周期性渐扩渐缩波纹通道内脉动流动与换热情况，流动Re数的范围为10~1000，Pr数为0.7。