挖隧道

The reader is introduced to a mixed bag of Hackney's residents, past and present, not only the obvious writers, artists and film-makers, but a huge cast of less likely collaborators: an academic who doubles as a bus-driver; a dowser in search of ley lines; a former German terrorist; William Lyttle, the infamous Mole Man of Mortimer Road who spent 40 years digging a labyrinth of tunnels under his dilapidated Victorian house.

这本读物介绍了各式各样的一群海克尼的居民，过去的和现在的，不仅有著名的作家、艺术家和电影制片人，还有大量的不大相干的人：一位兼职公交车司机的学者；一位探寻草地边界的查风水者；一位德国裔前恐怖分子；威廉姆·莱特，一位名声不大好听的"莫提摩路的鼹鼠人"，他花了40年时间在其破败的维多利亚时代的房子下挖了一座隧道迷宫。

They are excavating a tunnel through the hill .

他们在挖一条穿山隧道。

The kerf is the outside boundary of the tunnel wall that a boring machine gouges out as it bores through the ground or rock.

切口在隧道壁边界的外面，隧道壁是由钻机在钻透土地或岩石时挖出的。

Tunnel project started from the end of July 2009, has been the company's leaders are most concerned about one of the items. No. 1 tunnel construction more smoothly, was run through January 13 of this year. No. 2 tunnel construction process, there are many uncertain and unpredictable factors, imports of concrete lining of 228 meters, the rock formation is marl, landslides serious digging edge to edge supporting, progress is slow.

隧道工程自2009年7月底开工以来，一直是公司领导最关心的项目之一。1号隧道施工比较顺利，已于今年1月13日贯通。2号隧道施工过程中，存在很多不确定和不可预见因素，进口砼衬砌228米，岩层是泥灰岩，塌方严重，采取边挖边支护，进展缓慢。

According to the space distance between the metro structure and adjacent buildings, the degree of surface settlement and tilt of adjacent buildings caused by the construction of metro tunnel excavation, we divide the degree of adjacent buildings affected by a single metro tunnel construction into four adjacent grades, that is very nearby, quite adjacent, adjacent and nonadjacent, and give the criteria for the classification and the calculation method of the settlement and tilt of building close to metro.

依据地铁结构与邻近建筑物间的空间距离、地铁隧道暗挖施工引起地表沉降和邻近建筑物倾斜的程度，将受单个地铁隧道施工影响的邻近建筑物的邻近程度划分为很邻近、邻近、较邻近和不邻近4个邻近等级，并给出划分标准以及邻近地铁建筑物沉降及倾斜的计算方法。

The application of smoothwall blasting in crushed surrounding rock of No.2 tunnel with crushed surrounding rock has obtained more satisfactory results through selecting rational blasting parameters,adopting right supporting method and controlling the overbreak or underbreak of the tunnel effectively,etc.

文摘：在周家山2号隧道破碎围岩施工中，应用光面爆破技术，通过选择合理的爆破参数，正确的支护施工方法，有效地控制隧道的超欠挖，加快掘进速度，取得了较理想的效果。

2Combined with dense-constructed area of Shiqiaotou tunnel, a series of factors that lead to ground deformation and affect the stability of ground buildings are systematically analyzed.These factors include overbreak in shallow tunnel, reserved deformation and soil squeezing.By calculation and analysis of ground deformation of other sections,a division of settlement controling grade is made.

2以石桥头隧道地表变形重点控制地段为例，对浅埋隧道超挖、预留变形量、掌子面土体挤出等地层损失诱发的地表变形及其对地面建筑稳定性的影响进行了系统地计算和分析；通过地表变形的计算分析，对隧道不同地段的地表变形控制等级进行了划分。

With large-scale model tests of open-cut box tunnel and shallow bored horseshoetunnel intersecting orthogonally and obliquely with active ground fissure zone individually, the adaptability of sectionalized tunnel passing through active ground fissure is studied,theresults show that the sectionalized tunnel with flexible joint can bear very large sheardeformation,and the deformation and secondary stress of adjacent sectionalized tunnel underthe action of ground fissure is small,meantime many sectionalized tunnels can eliminatepartly the effect of active ground fissure movement,have a good capability of adapting itselfto the large deformation.

8通过分段设缝的明挖箱形隧道和浅埋暗挖马蹄形隧道分别正交和斜交穿越地裂缝带穿的大型模型试验，对分段设变形缝的地铁隧道穿越地裂缝带的适应性进行了研究，结果表明分段式柔性接头隧道能承受较大的剪切变形，相邻衬砌管段变形和次生应力均较小，同时多段设变形缝具有很好的消化地裂缝变形的效果，从而说明多段设变形缝加柔性接头连接的地铁隧道具有较强的适应地裂缝活动大变形的能力。

Today the Trinities still bear the scars of extensive gold mining operations, ranging from placer mining that rerouted river and stream beds to a scattering of abandoned mining tunnels, some of which were operated into the 1930s.

直到现在特里尼特斯还饱受修砌挖金矿井时带来的创伤。从改变河流河床的采砂矿到分布在不同地方的废弃了的挖矿隧道，其中有些隧道还是20世纪30年代才挖的。

The key of maintaining the tunnel stability lies on how to deal with the advance core soil ahead of working face, which is obtained on basis of analysis on the problems in high speed railway tunnels with big crosssections in soft surrounding rock or soil. Fullface prereinforcing method by fiberglass bolts can enhance the equivalent rigidity of the advance core soil and control the deformation of the advance core soil, so that arch effect can play its role naturally and assure the excavation safety.

总结分析了目前高速铁路大断面软弱围岩或土质隧道施工中存在的问题，认为如何处理好掌子面前方的&待挖核心体&是控制此类隧道整体稳定性的关键，运用沿隧道纵向全断面预加固的易切削玻璃纤维锚杆来提高&待挖核心体&的等效刚度，控制&待挖核心体&的变形，使得隧道周边的拱效应能自然发挥作用，可以保证隧道能够全断面安全、顺利开挖掘进。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。