抽象原则

It can be inferred from the analysis of the two languages that people employ things they are familiar with to refer to abstract concepts, for example, the spatial concepts of UP and DOWN can be used for abstract concepts like NUMBER, STATUS, QUALITY etc.

两种语言中UP，DOWN空间概念的使用是人们遵循"近取诸身，远取诸物"的原则，将空间域的概念投射到数量，社会地位，情绪状态以及好坏等抽象概念域，以减小认知难度的结果。隐喻的使用和理解符合人类认知的普遍规律。

This dissertation puts forward first-step conceivableness of perfecting lawmaking and law system concerning the administration to disposal of medical waste.Because our country's law system concerning medical waste is too immovable and abstract,this research will make our country's law system of the medical waste more concrete and more definite,which will strengthen the operability in the fulfillment and make the lawmaking spirit embodied.

本论文为完善我国医疗废物管理的立法、执法和法律制度提出初步设想，由于我国有关医疗废物的法律制度规定得太原则、太抽象，通过本论文研究，使得我国医疗废物法律制度更具体、更明确，增强在实践中的操作性，使立法精神充分得到体现。

The purpose of this dissertation lies in perfecting relative laws of administration of medical waste,according to the lawmaking and law system of foreign countries.meanwhile,the notion is provided to consummate relative law system and achieve the purpose of holding in the administration of medical waste,environment protect and human health.this dissertation puts forward first-step conceivableness of perfecting lawmaking and law system concerning the administration to disposal of medical waste.because our country's law system concerning medical waste is too immovable and abstract,this research will make our country's law system of the medical waste more concrete and more definite,which will strengthen the operability in the fulfillment and make the lawmaking spirit embodied.simultaneously it provides legal basis and policy support for the administration to disposal of medical waste.the problem of the administration of medical waste enlarges the difficulties of disposal process.to perfect lawmaking,law-executing,law-supervising.is advantageous to strengthen the administration to disposal of medical waste of our country.meanwhile it has theoretic meaning and application value for environment safety and human health.this dissertation is totally divided into four parts.the first part explains the current condition of the administration to disposal of medical waste of our country,which introduces the concept of medical waste,the harm of medical waste,the necessity of administration, current lawmaking condition and present law system of the medical waste.the second part introduces the general situation of lawmaking concerning the administration to disposal of medical waste of the united states,eu,japan and korea.simultaneously it explains the apocalypse of administration to disposal of medical waste of our country.the third part points out the existent law problem of the administration to disposal of medical waste,including lawmaking problem,law enforcement problem and law system problem.the fourth part aims at the relative suggestions to the existent law problems of the administration to disposal of medical waste of our country.the suggestions want to raise lawmaking layer,perfect lawmaking contents,strengthens law enforcement,practice the law system of the manufacturer to be responsible for the medical waste.meanwhile,it gives the advice on the punishment-compensation system,the conduct permit system and the risk fund system.

本论文研究的目的在于借鉴国外有关医疗废物在立法、执法、法律制度等方面的经验，完善适合我国医疗废物管理的相关法律，提出我国有关医疗废物管理的立法构想，完善各项相关的法律制度，以达到规范医疗废物管理、保护环境、保护人类健康的目的。本论文为完善我国医疗废物管理的立法、执法和法律制度提出初步设想，由于我国有关医疗废物的法律制度规定得太原则、太抽象，通过本论文研究，使得我国医疗废物法律制度更具体、更明确，增强在实践中的操作性，使立法精神充分得到体现。同时可以为我国医疗废物管理工作提供法理依据和决策支持。我国医疗废物管理体制的问题加大了医疗废物治理的难度，立法、执法、监督等方面的完善有利于加强对我国医疗废物的管理；在保障可持续发展的环境安全和人类健康领域也具有理论意义和应用价值。本文共分为四个部分，第一部分说明了我国目前医疗废物管理的现状，介绍了医疗废物的概念、危害、进行管理的必要性、当前我国医疗废物的立法现状和法律制度现状。第二部分介绍了美国、欧盟、日本、韩国关于医疗废物管理的立法概况及对我国医疗废物管理的启示。第三部分指出了我国医疗废物管理存在的法律问题，包括立法问题、执法问题和法律制度问题。第四部分针对我国医疗废物管理存在的法律问题提出了相应的建议。建议要提高立法层次、完善立法内容、加强执法力度、实行生产者负责分类回收的法律制度、集中处置法律制度、惩罚性赔偿制度、经营许可证制度、环境责任保险制度和风险基金制度。

On the basis of referring to preceding relevant achievements and exploring the entirestate of the occurrence and development of the RMA,the dissertation focuses on theRMA's origin,essence and mechanism.Then,it draws some conclusions:(1)Far fromoccasionally,the RMA has specific interior factors and external conditions.As a resultof the demand for international political and military struggle and the advancement inscience and technology,the RMA conforms to the trend of the times.(2)As far as itsessence is concerned,the RMA is such a process,during which all countries reformmilitary system wholly in order to realize its informatization,integration andintelligentization after information and knowledge have become dominant factors ofmilitary strength owing to extensive application of high technology around informationtechnology in the military field.(3)During the extensive and thorough reformation in thewhole world,all factors vary sooner or later and affect one another,and promote theevolution of the military system to make the transition from mechanized form tointelligentized one.

论文充分借鉴、吸收前人的有关研究成果，在分析、考察世界新军事革命发生、发展的总体状况的基础上，由具体到抽象，重点探讨了新军事革命的发生动因、本质特征和运行机制，认为：新军事革命的发生与发展不是偶然的，而有其特定的内在动因和外部条件，它既是时代发展变化的客观要求，也是国际政治军事斗争需要与科学技术进步共同推动的结果；这场军事革命的实质，是在以信息技术为核心的高新技术广泛应用于军事领域，信息与知识日益成为军事力量的主导性要素的新条件下，世界各国根据系统原则对军事领域进行变革，努力促使整个军事系统实现信息化、知识化、一体化，进而形成全新的智能化军事形态的过程；新军事革命具体表现为广泛而深入的军事改革，在其发生与发展的过程中，军事诸要素先后变革并相互影响、相互作用，推动整个军事系统不断演进，逐步实现机械化军事形态向智能化军事形态的过渡，最终确立全新的智能化军事形态。

Dependency Inversion Principle states that we should decouple high level modules from low level modules, introducing an abstraction layer between the high level classes and low level classes.

依赖倒置原则声明了我们应该将高层模块和低层模块解偶，在高层类和低层类之间引入一个抽象层。

Expressing constraints by logic formulae, we can reason the other constrains of system through logic calculus.

遵循SOP方法学原则，我们设计了抽象数据定义语言ADL和过程控制语言PCL。

So we don't have to assume these principles as separate metaphysical postulates.

因此我们不需要假定这些原则是独立的抽象假设。

It strictly complied with the principle of "value neutralism" either for the object of study or the research approach. It tried to "avoid abstract theory about the values, but provide a detailed list of the characteristics of modernization that meet the requirement or demand to manage the factory".

从研究对象到研究方法都严守"价值中立"的原则，力图"避免抽象的列出各种价值观念，而是提出一份现代品质的清单，这些现代品质满足了管理工厂的要求或需要。"

Governmental performance evaluation in our country is just beginning, still not very perfect. The research methods are bounded mainly with qualitative depiction, lack of measuring of quantification and appraisal facilities, and with highly nonfigurative principles, lack of relativity, direction and operability.

我国的绩效评估研究刚刚起步，还很不完善，研究方法上仍然存在很大的局限性，仍以定性描述为主，缺少定量化的测量和评价工具；只有高度抽象的原则，缺乏相关性、针对性和可操作性。

The classification standards and results of Pertinence Principle belonging to Logicalism are all nonobjective and logical concepts.

事由原则属于逻辑主义，其分类标准及结果都是抽象的逻辑性概念。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。