惯例化

So all these people who write about the world on a kind of theoretical basis, as if the world were there to illustrate or prove our theoretical positions, so they've read some essays of Deleuze and then they "discover" that we live in a society of control.

在我的角度它从来都是被边缘化的，它违反了学术界主流的惯例，主流要求你表明你的理论和你的政治立场，一个脉络化的进路跟学术界那种标准化的做法显得格格不入。

Business education also serves to homogenize organizational practices.

商业教育也能使机构化的惯例均匀。

Second, traditional management theory,with its bureaucratic roots, is heavily biased toward standardization and routinization

其次，传统的管理理论，拥有它的官僚本质，而对於标准化与惯例化存在著沉重的偏见。

Standardization and routinization may be the formula for simple work that takes place in a stable environment where modest results are acceptable, but it is not the formula for extraordinary commitment and performance

标准化与惯例化」对於发生在稳定与适度的效果是可被接受的环境中，简单工作可能是一帖药方，但对於特别的承诺与实践则非一贴药方。

The expression of performance requires some united systematic variations from the score, so this trend of exactness, evenness has gradually restricted the artistic creation. From the aspect of tradition, most of the performance conventions such as tempo flexibility, independence of melody and accompaniment, tenuto and agogic accent, over-dot, under-dot, notes in gales and unwritten arpeggiation etc. have a long history and they are usually part of the composer ' s expectation.

由于音乐表演的表现力因素必然要求演奏相对于乐谱有一定偏离，因此这种精确化、规整化的趋势从科学角度来看实际上是逐渐限制了艺术创造的基本空间；而从传统角度来看，诸如速度弹性、&旋律自由而伴奏保持严格速度&的声部错位、时值缓急重音、过符点、欠符点、不平均音符、和弦的琶音处理等演奏惯例大都具有久远的历史，时常是创作阶段完整艺术构思的一部分。

The expression of performance requires some united systematic variations from the score, so this trend of exactness, evenness has gradually restricted the artistic creation. From the aspect of tradition, most of the performance conventions such as tempo flexibility, independence of melody and accompaniment, tenuto and agogic accent, over-dot, under-dot, notes inegales and unwritten arpeggiation etc. have a long history and they are usually part of the composers expectation.

由于音乐表演的表现力因素必然要求演奏相对于乐谱有一定偏离，因此这种精确化、规整化的趋势从科学角度来看实际上是逐渐限制了艺术创造的基本空间；而从传统角度来看，诸如速度弹性、&旋律自由而伴奏保持严格速度&的声部错位、时值缓急重音、过符点、欠符点、不平均音符、和弦的琶音处理等演奏惯例大都具有久远的历史，时常是创作阶段完整艺术构思的一部分。

Second, routinize as much of your morning as possible.

第二，将尽可能多的事情惯例化。

Though many aspects of schooling should be routinized, traditional theory seeks to routinize that which should be varied as well

虽然，学校教育的许多方面应该被惯例化，传统理论寻求去惯例化那些应被改变的。

James Paul Gee, Professor of Literacy at Arizona State University and a leading expert on games, argues that … good games create what's been called a "cycle of expertise" by giving players well-designed problems on the basis of which they can form good strategies, letting them practice these enough to routinize them, then throwing a new problem at them that forces them to undo their now routinized skills and think again before achieving, though more practice, a new and higher routinized set of skills.

美国亚利桑那州立大学文学教授，知名游戏专家詹姆士·保罗·吉坚决主张……优质的游戏能创造&技能周期&，向玩家提供能让他们形成良好策略的设计上乘的问题，让他们通过实践足以形成惯例，然后向他们提出新的问题，迫使他们打破惯例化技能，即使要做更多的实践，也要重新考虑对策，从而获得新的更高的常规技能。

In addition, there are entrenched uses of referential metonymies observed in our corpus data, which reveals how our recurrent interaction with outer environment gives rise to the saliency of particular concepts and how these concepts, universal or culture-specific alike, further lead to language routinization.

除此之外，本篇研究观察到固定化指涉转喻(entrenched referential metonymy)的现象，我们认为这种固定化的转喻起因於人类与外在环境或文化社群的不断互动，当某些概念在互动过程中一再地被突显，这些概念将会频繁地被使用作转喻的来源范畴，并且进一步固定成惯例化的语言形式。

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。