恒载

This bridge design for 2×80m the continual steel truss girder bridge, the span is 160m, the main spar center distance is 5.75m, clothes rack high 11m, panel length 8m, the main spar geometry graphical representation uses the triangle web member system, the floor system by the carline, the crosnbeam is composed, the member connection uses the high-strength bolt connection, the design load for the dead load and - the live load.

该桥设计为2×80m连续钢桁梁桥，全长为160m，主桁中心距为5.75m，桁高11m，节间长8m，主桁的几何图示采用三角形腹杆体系，桥面系由纵梁，横梁组成，杆件连接采用高强螺栓连接，设计荷载为恒载和中—活载。

This title will do the architecture design for the office building and give some illumination , will tell of the disposal of structure and draw the reasonable columniation plan according to the architecture design and the correlative codes.

本文将对办公楼进行建筑设计，并对设计给予相应的说明，详诉本办公楼的结构布置，根据建筑设计和相关规范条款给出合理的柱网图；在综合考虑了结构在各种恒载、活载、风荷载以及地震荷载作用下的情形后，详细的分析了结构在风荷载和地震荷载作用下的横向和纵向的各种性能，具体的计算了结构的梁、柱的弯矩、轴力、剪力，并进行了相应的内力组合，并由此进行了框架配筋部分，最后完成了柱下独立基础的有关计算。

In the structural topology optimization process,the change of dead load must be considered.

桥梁结构一般受到恒载和活载的作用，在其结构的拓扑优化过程中必须考虑载荷的变化。

Including dead load force and live load force computation.

其中包括恒载内力和活载内力计算。

The increase in nominal stress due to live load, BC, is usually small in comparison with the dead load, OA.

活载产生的名义应力的增量BC段与恒载产生的名义应力OA段相比一般是很小的。

And make the analysis of the stress distribution in beam segment under the combination of dead, live load, temperature load.

并分析了恒载、活载、整体温度变化荷载组合作用下对梁段模型应力分布的影响。

Through calculation and analysis of static modal under dead load, live load and water load, we derived the non-seismic internal force and deforming of the structure.

通过对静力模型在恒载、活载和水荷载作用下的计算和组合，得到了结构非抗震设计的内力和变形。

Falsework bents shall be designed for the entire live load and dead load, including all load transfer that takes place during post-tensioning, and braced for the design horizontal load.

脚手架本茨设计应为整个活载和恒载，包括所有负荷转移的发生在后张的地方，并为设计水平荷载支撑。

Taking Rong hu bridge project as the background, the paper Studies on the optimization of dead load cable tension, construct system of controlling, effect of non-linear factor, limit bearing capacity of structure and spatial stress of concrete-filled steel tubular tower and the combination of girder, which are based on the hybrid cable-stayed bridge.Asking for the maximal deformation of tower and girder to be minimized and cable permissible stress as constraint conditions, the paper tries to solve the ideal dead load cable tension by combining finite element calculation and optimize analysis.

本文以蓉湖大桥工程为背景，就混合梁斜拉桥的成桥恒载索力优化、施工监控体系、过程非线性因素影响、结构极限承载力、索塔和主梁结合部的空间应力分析等问题开展研究：关于索力的优化，是以斜拉桥索塔和梁的最大变位最小为目标，以拉索容许应力为约束条件，采用有限元计算与优化分析相结合的方法来确定斜拉桥的成桥合理恒载索力。

The results of conversion show that the serious disc must be rejected because its reliable L-HCCF life is greatly less than an overhaul period. Finally, the load distribution of centrifugal and vibration force on labe is derived. Using two method, load on the crack labe gradually reducing and keeping constant with the crack propagation, a crack propagation analysis of fir-tree slot is carried out, and the calculating L-HCCF crack propagation life of slot on the unload method, which is nearly 3 times longer than that on constant method, is 20 times shorter than the pure low cycle life, and agree well with the experimental's.

最后，分析了离心力载荷和振动载荷在榫齿上的分布，进行了榫槽榫齿的有限元计算；提出了枞树型榫槽的卸载概念，并按带裂纹榫齿上的承载随裂纹增长而逐步减少和始终保持不变两种处理方法，进行了复合疲劳裂纹扩展及其寿命计算，由计算得出卸载下复合疲劳裂纹扩展寿命较单纯低周疲劳寿命下降二十多倍；按卸载处理的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命是按恒载处理的三倍多，前者与试验吻合，而后者则偏差较大。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。