急流

The analysis shows that the snowstorm occured under the large scale circulation background of two-trough-two-ridge over the Eurosian continent, and resulted from the coupling of the upper level westerly jet and the low level southwesterly jet.

研究表明：这次暴雪发生在两槽两脊的大尺度环流背景下，是高空西风急流和低空西南风急流上下耦合作用的结果。

The southwesterly low-level jets from the southern South-China Sea and the Bay of Bengal are main systems responsible for the maintenance in intensity of the typhoon and causing the enhancement of the accompanied heavy rainfall.

结果表明，在中高层出现"北槽南涡"的环流形势场有利于登陆台风的维持；源于南海南部和孟加拉湾的热带低空急流汇成的台风南侧的西南风急流是台风登陆后得以维持和引发暴雨增幅的重要系统。

It shows that the typhoon depression lasted for five days on land was because of a strong and wide convergence zone between two high pressures,together with the strengthening of southwesterly jet and its movement direction determined by the maximum wind speed by the subtropical high and the southwesterly.

其结果表明：两高间强而宽广的辐合带和西南急流增强使台风低压在陆上连续5d不消，副高、西南急流在低压区形成的最大风速中心位置决定台风低压移动方向。

In the article, we analysised the rainstorm process using conventional information, encryption data, strength ,speed and wind profile data of Doppler radar, discussed the atmospheric circulation system in the westing process of the subtropical high; revealed the different reasons caused two heavy precipitation (more than 10 mm per hour) and the possibility of small and medium-scale system existed, displayed the vertical distribution of the wind field over the stations in the rainstorm process and the close relationship between the transmission., strengthen of the level air-jet and the heavy precipitation, and then proved that the heavy precipitation was caused by the transmission and strengthen of the low-level jet.

利用常规资料，加密观测资料，多普勒雷达强度、速度和风廓线资料等对本过程进行周密细致的分析。探讨了在副热带高压西进过程中与之相配合的大气环流形势和影响系统；揭示了造成两次强降水（1小时大于10 mm以上）的不同原因和中小尺度系统存在的可能性；展示了暴雨过程中测站上空垂直风场的分布特点以及风廓线高低空急流下传和加强与强降水的密切关系，证明了强降水的产生主要由低空急流的下传和加强引起的。

It is pointed out that the Pacific / North American, the Eurasian , and the North America / Western Europe Patterns comprise the zonally elongated "Seesaw" and wave like structures, while the Asia / North American pattern is dominated by the waveli'ke structure.

结果指出：太平洋/北美型、欧亚型和北美/西欧型由"Seesaw"和波列结构组成，而亚洲/北美型主要呈波列结构，其中"Seesaw"结构及其与西风急流的配置关系、扰动在急流出口区通过正压能量转换从基本气流中获取能量等特征对于夏季北半球遥相关的形成和维持起重要作用。

Results showed that the overland flow pattern has close relationship with the grass cover and water inflow rate, it changed from the laminar and tranquil flow to the transition flow and tranquil flow for the grass-covered sloping segment with increasing water inflow rate, but it was almost transition flow and tranquil or rapid flow for the sloping segment without grass cover.

结果表明，坡面流流态与放水流量和草被覆盖关系密切，随流量的增大草被覆盖断面坡面流流态由层流－缓流转变为过渡流－缓流，而无草覆盖断面的流态几乎都处于过渡流－缓流或急流状态；沟坡径流大都属于过渡流－急流状态，试验过程中，草被覆盖断面的径流雷诺数和弗汝德数变化很小，无草被覆盖断面径流的雷诺数呈逐渐增加趋势，而弗汝德数呈逐渐减小的变化趋势。

The current of the Niagara Falls rushs down cliff to come downstream and new confluent later, continue to roll in gorge buckjump, the with prep above cataract velocity of flow on the reach that in inadequacy 2 kilometers grow is horary the fall that 35.4 kilometers drop to swing and issue 15.8 meters, deduce a world to go up the maddest the the wild, most horrible, most dangerous eddy race, rush again deep the eddy pool of 38, next dragon of a flood dragon turns over, the elder brother that passes east bank Canada this, the Liweisidu of right bank United States, had rushed " devil hole race ", along final " Liweisidu affluent gorge " by enter eastwards on the west install rude lake.

尼亚加拉瀑布的水流冲下悬崖至下游重新汇合之后，在峡谷里继续翻滚腾跃，在不足2公里长的河段上以高于大瀑布的流速每小时35.4公里跌荡而下15.8米的落差，演绎出世界上最狂野。最恐怖。最危险的漩涡急流，又冲进深38的漩涡潭，然后一个蛟龙翻身，经过左岸加拿大的昆斯顿。右岸美国的利维斯顿，冲过&魔鬼洞急流&，沿着最后的&利维斯顿支流峡谷&由西向东进入安大略湖。

Along 90°E the easterly wind in mid-upper layer is obviously weakened to the south of the plateau, and the westerly wind in mid-upper layer along 140°E is enhanced to the south of 35°N but it is obviously weakened to the north of 35°N.

利用p-σ九层区域气候模式进行高原隆升对东亚副热带西风急流影响的敏感性试验，分析高原隆升过程中西风急流垂直结构和水平结构的变化，并对其变化的原因进行初步分析。

Evidence suggests that 1 under more stable stratification, the basic flow, if moving faster at low and high levels (particularly in the presence of jets there), allows a resulting meso-β unsteady wave to propagate eastward with respect to basic flow and even at greater velocity compared with it; 2 vertical windspeed shear of basic flow causes instabilities of the TWT perturbation; 3 considering the second derivative of basic-flow wind with respect to z (denoted by zz≠ 0 which is simply given as β* hereafter) the expression for the phase velocity of vortex Rossby wave is obtained, which is unidirectional in propagation with respect to basic flow; 4 VRoW has its physical origin from β*, i.e., from z-varying heterogeneities of y-direction averaged vorticity of the basic flow field; 5 VRoW phase velocity is associated with zonal wave number k, its energy is dispersive and the group velocity exists in the x direction; 6 when windspeed meets the condition of β*, TWT disturbance instability may be that of mixed VRoW and gravity wave; 7 if basic flow is subject to linear shear but does not meet the condition of β*, the TWT instability is that of inertia-gravity wave.

在大气层结比较稳定的情况下，如果基本气流在低层和高层较大(有可能存在低空急流和高空急流)，此时产生的β中尺度不稳定扰动相对于基流向东传播，甚至于快速向东传播。基本气流在垂直方向上的风速切变对于中尺度横波型的扰动起着不稳定的作用。如果考虑基流的二次切变，可以得到涡旋Rossby波的相速度表达式，涡旋Rossby波相对于基本气流是单向传播的。涡旋Rossby波产生的物理根源是基本流场的风速二次切变，亦即基本流场y方向的平均涡度在空间z方向上的不均匀所致。涡旋Rossby波的相速度与纬向波数也有关，它的能量是频散的，其在纬向x方向也存在群速度。在基本流场的风速存在二次切变时，横波型不稳定可能是混合的涡旋Rossby重力波的不稳定；而在基本流场的风速仅仅存在线性切变，不存在二次切变时，横波型扰动的不稳定则是重力惯性波的不稳定。

The rapids of a river that runs between the steep precipices of a gorge or narrow valley.

急流河流的急流，奔流在山峡或狭窄山谷的悬崖峭壁之间

Methods: Five patients with parkinsonism or dystonia were assigned to general anesthesia using an modified endotracheal tube.

本实验依照人体实验之相关规定进行，五位患有帕金森氏症或肌张力异常的病人接受神经立体定位手术。

If you can benefit from this book, it is our honour.

如果您能从本书获益，这将是我们的荣幸。