影响支气管的

Objective:With environmental pollution and invasion of the inflammation induced by some materials, bronchia asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have become the important social public problems in recent years.

近年来，在支气管哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病的治疗药物中，肾上腺皮质激素可对抗炎症或过敏介质，通过对慢性阻塞性肺疾病者的前炎症因子、炎症细胞、氧化应激的影响而发挥良好的疗效。

They found that chrysoeriol, one of the bio-active components of Rooibos, acted effectively as a bronchodilator, with an associated effect on lowering blood pressure and relieving spasms.

他们发现， chrysoeriol之一的生物活性成分的Rooibos ，采取有效的支气管扩张剂，与相关的影响，降低血压和缓解痉挛。

RESULTS:POT at doses of 200 mg/kg had significant antagonistic effect on the cough caused by mixture of hista...

结果 ：POT 2 0 0mg/kg对氨雾引起的小鼠咳嗽无明显的影响；对乙酰胆碱和组胺混合液引起的豚鼠支气管收缩有极显著的抑制作用(P 。0 0 1 )；对小鼠PCA反应的抑制率为 3 2 。79%；可显著延长卵白蛋白所致的致敏豚鼠呼吸困难、抽搐和跌倒的潜伏期(P 。0 0 1 )。

RESULT: In vitro, TISE at the concentrations of 760 and 380 mgL-1 had significant antagonistic effect on the normal bronchus slice contraction caused by histamine as well as on the sensitized bronchus slice contraction caused by egg albumin, but had no effect on the contraction caused by acetylcholine. in vivo, TISE at doses of 25 and 18 mgkg-1 could significantly prolong the latent period of expiratory dyspnea, tic and falling down caused by egg albumin in sensitized guinea pigs.

结果：离体实验，TISE 760，380 mgL-1对组胺致正常豚鼠气管片的收缩具有对抗作用，对卵白蛋白所致的致敏豚鼠支气管平滑肌收缩有极显著的抑制作用(P＜0.01)，而对乙酰胆碱所致气管片收缩无明显影响；整体实验，TISE 25，18 mgkg-1可显著延长卵白蛋白所致的致敏豚鼠呼吸困难、抽搐和跌倒的潜伏期(P＜0.01)。

Children will not have the awareness to expectorate sputum, sputum to the pharynx when入胃with automatic pharynx. Also, because children often accompanied by vomiting, coughing, vomiting from the stomach is often out of mucinous things, pharynx入胃of sputum with food through the entire digestive tract, and finally eliminated from the body with the stool. Therefore, many infants and young children cough have diarrhea.

小儿咳嗽用药应注意：1）疾病的初期，特别是痰不易咳出时，勿滥用止咳药，否则痰液会阻塞于呼吸道，痰内的细菌得到繁殖机会，反而会使病情加重；2）不适当的使用止咳药也会掩盖病情；3）在医生的指导下服用，如当过频的咳嗽影响到小儿的睡眠，甚至引起支气管毛细血管破裂出血时，可以适当使用止咳药，若痰量多不易咳出时，要同时使用抗菌和化痰药

If there are blisters skin furuncle or damaged, as well as tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, acute pharyngitis in patients with other diseases, as well as children under 2 years of age (compared delicate skin, easily lead to infection) are not suitable for external application, treatment paste medicine at the same time stimulating cold food should be fast, do not贪凉, do not eat肥甘thick and greasy, help生痰wet food, fast seafood, shrimp, beef, ducks, geese, peanuts and other food such as fried-prone structures so as not to affect treatment.

而若皮肤长有疱疖或破损者，以及肺结核、支气管扩张、急性咽喉炎等疾病的患者，还有2岁以下的孩子（皮肤比较娇嫩，容易引起感染）都不宜进行敷贴，治疗贴药的同时应禁食生冷刺激性食物，不要贪凉，不要吃肥甘厚腻、生痰助湿的食物，禁食海鲜、虾、牛肉、鸭、鹅、花生及其他煎炸食物等易发物，以免影响治疗效果。

Results showed:(1) The airway responsiveness of smoke control group was higher than that of normal control group, the airway responsiveness of smoke + exercise group was lower than that of smoke control group;(2) Plasma level of cortisol determined immediately after exercise was higher than that determined before exercise, no significant difference occurs between that determined next day morning after all exercise finished in contrast to that determined before exercise;(3) HE staining showed, there was severe chronic pulmonary inflammatory response in smoke control group, which was reduced in the smoke + exercise group;(4) chronic cigarette smoke downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of BKca in smooth muscles of bronchi and bronchioli, exercise increased the mRNA expression of BKca;(5) chronic cigarette smoke downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of Kv1. 5 in smooth muscles of bronchi and bronchioli, exercise increased both the protein and mRNA expression of Kv1. 5 in contrast to smoke control group in bronchioli and did not effect the expression of Kv1. 5 in bronchi;(6) chronic cigarette smoke induced upregulation of FIZZ1/RELMα in bronchial smooth muscle cells, exercise decreased these effect.

结果：(1)吸烟对照组的气道反应性明显增高，吸烟加运动应激可明显降低大鼠的气道反应性；(2)吸烟运动组运动后血浆皮质醇浓度明显高于运动前，但全部运动结束后次日晨测定的血浆皮质醇浓度与运动前无明显差异；(3)HE染色显示，吸烟对照组肺组织出现明显的慢性炎症反应，吸烟加运动应激组比吸烟对照组炎症反应轻；(4)慢性吸烟可降低大鼠大气道和小气道BKca mRNA和蛋白表达，而吸烟加运动应激可使BKca mRNA表达上调，但对小气道的蛋白表达无影响；(5)慢性吸烟可降低大鼠大气道和小气道Kv1.5蛋白和mRNA表达，在小气道吸烟加运动应激可减轻这种作用，大气道则无作用；(6)吸烟使支气管平滑肌的FIZZ1/RELMα蛋白表达明显增强，而吸烟加运动组的RELMα蛋白及mRNA均明显减弱。

In this study, We typed the the gene of β〓-AR from genomic DNA of asthmatic patients and made the further analysis: The distributing condition of genetic polymorphisms at positions 16 and 27 in β〓 AR coding region and at position 19 in 5'Leader Cistron (5'LC) among southwest Chinese asthmatic population; The relationship between the each polymorphisms at the above three positions and the asthmatic phenotypes (FEV〓 or nocturnal asthma); The effect of each polymorphisms at the above three positions on bronchodilator responsiveness induced by β〓- agonists(initial bronchodilator response, pharmaco-dynamic); The relationship between the haplotypes of polymorphisms in the 5'LC or in positions 16, 27 of β〓AR coding block and asthmatic phenotypes or bronchodilator responsiveness induced by β〓-agonists.

实验通过对哮喘人群的β〓-AR基因进行分型，探讨：β〓-AR编码区16、27位点及5'前导肽(5'LeaderCistron，5'LC)19位点遗传多态性在中国西南地区哮喘人群中的分布情况；三个位点多态性与哮喘临床表现型的关系；三个位点多态性对β〓受体激动剂反应性(支气管舒张反应，舒张反应动力学)的影响；16、27位点及5'前导肽19位点遗传多态性单倍型与哮喘临床表现型及β〓受体激动剂反应性的关系。

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of bronchoscopy in determining the etiologies of pulmonary diseases in these patients, and its impact on therapeutic decision-making as well as the clinical outcome in HIV-infected patients.

本研究的主要目的是针对此类病患探讨支气管镜术在诊断肺部致病原因的角色以及对於治疗决策和临床结果的影响。

Such diseases as Cardiopathy, bronchiectasis, asthma, malignancy, chronic nephritis, uraemia, blood diseases, and diseases of incretion and metabolic network, rheumatic diseases, chronic hepatitis and so on neither fall into the category of infectious diseases endangering public health, nor belong to

心脏病、支气管扩张、哮喘、恶性肿瘤、慢性肾炎、尿毒症、血液病、内分泌及代谢系统疾病、风湿性疾病、慢性肝炎等疾病，既不属于危害公共健康的传染性疾病，也不属于影响到患者认知的智力能力的精神性疾病。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。