引子

Based on the further evolvement of the improved chaotic system with constant Lyapunov exponent spectrum, by introducing an absolute term in the dynamic equation, a novel chaotic attractor is found in this paper.

通过对改进恒Lyapunov指数谱混沌系统进行进一步演变，并引入新的绝对值项，发现了一种新的混沌吸引子。

It was proved that the existence of an absorbing set and a global finite dimensional attractor which is compact, connected in the function space for the high-frequency modes coupled two Ginzburg-Landau equations.

利用了无穷维动力系统理论，证明了两个高频模态耦合的Ginzburg-Landau方程在函数空间中存在吸引域，因而存在连通的、有限维的紧的整体吸引子。

If there exists no regular quasi-attractor, the stochastic web, which is formed by the end-results of the image set of the discontinuous border and immersed in a part of the phase space, dominates the system behavior so that iterations are confined inside a part of the phase space in a"chaotic quasi-attractor"(Our research group has discovered the situation where regular and chaotic quasi-attractors coexist in a quasi-dissipative system, but this thesis will not mention it).

当类耗散系统的相空间不存在任何规则类吸引子时，这种由边界象集的归宿构成、浸入局部相空间的随机网将主宰系统，从而出现约束在局部相空间中的"混沌类吸引子"上的运动（本课题组已发现类耗散系统中规则类吸引子与混沌类吸引子共存的情况，本文未作报道）。

Since respiratory tract infections, including IB, are critical in the poultry industry, a multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay that detects avian viral respiratory pathogens in the same reaction was developed for the economic and clinical needs. Four sets of specific oligonucleotide primers for infectious laryngotracheitis virus, IBV, Newcastle disease virus, and avian influenza virus were used in this study.

由於呼吸道疾病对於家禽产业有很大的影响，因此基於经济与应用在临床上区别诊断的考量，本实验室发展多引子反转录聚合酶链锁反应，一共使用四组针对传染性喉头气管炎病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒、新城病病毒、以及家禽流行性感冒病毒的特异性引子来进行测试。

In the reality, a chaotic synchronized attractor will turn to be a metastable attractor with average lifetime〈τ〉because of the avoidless noise.

由于实际系统中的噪声不可避免，噪声使得同步混沌吸引子A变成具有一定生存时间〈τ〉的准稳态吸引子A'。

In this study, used Multiplex-PCR method to detection AAC of AAC_ITS and AAC_rpoB, used Multiplex-PCR method to detection BG of BG_ITS、BG_gyrB and BG_rpoD, used Multiplex-PCR method to detection PCH of PEC_ITS, idgA and idgB, used Multiplex-PCR method to detection AAC、BG and PCH of AAC_ITS、BG_ITS、PEC_ITS and idgA. The result reveals which were designed primer of specific can detect the existence of different phytopathogenic bacteria. These technique will use to develop the standard operation procedure of phytopathogenic bacteria disease in orchids.

在多引子组之研究上，AAC_ITS及AAC_rpoB之组合可用於褐斑病菌之检测；BG_ITS、BG_gyrB及BG_rpoD之组合可用於叶斑病菌之检测； PEC_ITS、idgA及idgB之组合可用於软腐病菌之检测；AAC_ITS、BG_ITS、PEC_ITS和idgA之组合则可用於三种兰花细菌性病原之检测，分析结果显示所使用之引子组可以快速、灵敏且专一性的检测细菌性褐斑病、细菌性叶斑病及细菌性软腐病，并且缩短检测时间，未来将可以应用於兰花细菌病害之监测。

Three primer pairs located in psbA~trnK, psbB~psbH and trnR-ACG~trnN-GUU regions were applied in phylogenetic analysis according to Maximum parsimony and Neighbor-joining methods. The consistent results between the phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy indicated the application potential of the three primer pairs in phylogenetic analysis and species identification. However, due to no sequence variation observed in amplified regions between two vegetable soybean varieties (KS5 and KS8), two cowpea subspecies (Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica and Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis), and among three rice varieties (TNG67, TK9, and TCS10), the three primer pairs are not effective in identifying variation within species.

选择其中三组引子对(基因体位置为psbA~trnK、psbB~psbH及trnR-ACG~trnN-GUU)增幅片段之序列进行亲缘分析，以最大简约法及邻接法之分群结果皆与目前植物分类相符，故三组引子对在物种间亲缘关系分析及物种鉴定上都有不错的效果，位於psbA~trnK及psbB~psbH之引子对效果尤佳，但是三组引子对在物种内变异的辨识效果不甚理想，在两个毛豆品种间(高雄5号与高雄8号)、两个豇豆亚种间及三个水稻品种间(台农67号、台稉9号与台中秈10号)的增幅片段没有明显差异存在。

The sensitivity of the stdA-specific primer set was demonstrated on a Salmonella-free swab sample from a pork carcass surface, which was then artificially contaminated with different concentrations of S. Typhimurium. Inoculation studies showed that stdA-specific primer set detected Salmonella in samples having initial 4.4 × 100 CFU/ml of Salmonella inoculum prior to the enrichment step in the presence of 4 × 107 CFU/ml of non-Salmonella florae.

并且进行接种试验，屠体液中非沙门氏菌细菌数量为4× 107 CFU/ml，当4.4 × 100 CFU/ml的沙门氏菌加上屠体液於培养液中增殖后，可以使用stdA成对引子藉由PCR方式看到stdA的产物，表示stdA成对引子在PCR反应液中存在沙门氏菌及其他菌种时，仍然可以顺利进行反应，而不会受到影响。

To search for DNA-based sex identification candidate marker of poultry, whole blood DNAs from each five males and five females of Native Chicken, Brown Tsaiya, Muscovy, White Roman Goose, Bronze Turkey, Australian Black Swan, Quail and Ring-necked Pheasant were analyzed by spindlin gene. PCR products were amplified by SPIN12 and SPIN13 primer kits. Different electrophoresis patterns showed correct gender for each bird species. The accuracy of sex identification was 100%. Furthermore, the PCR DNA fragments of the same gender were different among bird species.

以土鸡、褐色菜鸭、番鸭、白罗曼鹅、青铜火鸡、澳洲黑天鹅、鹌鹑、环颈雉各5公5母个体 DNA作为模版，应用SPIN12及SPIN13引子组进行聚合酶连锁反应后，由电泳分析结果显示所有受检物种之雄性与雌性均呈现不同样态，且与实际性别吻合，证实此引子组可成功鉴别鸡、鸭、番鸭、鹅、火鸡之性别外，亦可作为黑天鹅、鹌鹑、环颈雉等鸟类的性别遗传标记，从不同物种所呈现的DNA片段亦有变异存在。

It is one of the valuable English works in the 14th century and,especially,its "Prologue" both inherits the courtly love poetry tradition and transcends it,turning the "garden of love" into a place of comic conflicts,which is absent in contemporary English literature.

它是14世纪英国文学中为数不多的佳作之一，特别是其&引子&，既继承了宫廷爱情的诗歌传统，又进行了创新，使&爱情之园&成为喜剧性冲突的场所，实为当时英国文学所仅有。同时，诗人在&引子&里还表达了他注重现实的创作思想，这在英国文学史上也有一定意义。

Cynanchum Lingtai apricot production in the average weight 65 grams, the brightly-colored fruit, juicy rich, sweet-sour taste, sweet from the nucleolus, when the late Qing Dynasty famous Shaanxi, Gansu provinces, the Qing imperial court Tongzhi tribute for years.

灵台生产的牛心杏平均单果重65克，果实色泽鲜艳，汁多味浓，甜酸适口，离核仁甜，清末时就驰名陕、甘两省，清同治年间曾为朝廷贡品。

Chenopodium album,Solanum nigrum, and Amaranthus retroflexus were very susceptible to the herbicides. Polygonum persicaria and Abutilon theophrasti were relatively less susceptible to the herbicides, and Lycopersicon esculentum was not susceptible to it. The relationship between reduction rates of weed biomass and PPM values of weed leaves 2,4, and 6 days after treatment was established.

供试的6种杂草对该混剂的敏感性存在显著差异：红心藜Chenopodium album、龙葵Solanum nigrum和反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus对该混剂最敏感，ED90值分别为47.65、71.67和29.17g/hm2；春蓼Polygonum persicaria和苘麻Abutilon theophrasti敏感，ED90值分别为96.91、114.20g/hm2；而番茄不敏感。