应计基础

This paper intends to study the problem of governmental assets measurement based on governmental accounting of accrual basis, defines the scope of governmental assets according to the contents of state assets, and then explores measurement issues of various governmental assets based on governmental assets classification.

本文主要是在应计制政府会计框架下研究政府资产计价问题，通过分析国有资产所包括的内容来界定政府资产的范围，然后在对政府资产分类的基础上探讨各类政府资产的计价问题。

Firstly, our measure of earnings quality is based on abnormal accruals.

首先，以非正常性应计利润为基础对盈余质量进行度量。

Understand how accruals affect the financial statement.

了解应计基础如何影响财务报表。

While integral view regards every interim as part of annual accounting period, an integral part of the entire accounting year, but not as discrete accounting period; accounting estimate, cost distribution and treatments of various deferrals and accrued items applied in interim financial report shall take into account cost and expenses to be incurred in the whole year, which shall be distributed to various interims based on annual estimated activity level.

国际会计准则和我国会计准则基本采用的是"独立观"。"一体观"是将每一中期视为年度会计期间的有机组成部分，是会计年度整体不可分割的一部分，而不是独立的会计期间，中期财务报告中应用的会计估计、成本分配、各递延和应计项目的处理必须考虑到全年将要发生的成本和费用，需要以年度预计活动水平为基础分配至各个中期。

This model deducts the influence of assets depreciation reserve on earnings in measuring total accrual. With the foundation of modified Jones model, the improved extended Jones model takes the influence of intangible assets on measurement of earnings management into account.

这一模型主要是在计量总应计利润时，扣除了资产减值准备对盈余的影响，并在修正Jones模型的基础上，考虑无形资产对计量盈余管理的影响。

The model deducts the influence of assets depreciation reserve to earnings in measuring total accural. Basedon modified Jones model, the improved extended Jones model influences intangible assets.

这一模型主要是在计量总应计利润时扣除了资产减值准备对盈余的影响，并在修正琼斯模型的基础上，考虑了无形资产对计量盈余管理的影响。

The essay reviews previous study on this topic and A-share listed firms that have periodically rotated auditors during the period form 2003 to 2005 will be selected as research sample. Basing on whether or not the listed firm changes the accounting firm, the sample will be classified into two group—internal auditor rotation group and external auditor group.

本文在回顾国内外重要文献的基础上，选取2003-2005年进行审计师定期轮换的A股上市公司作为研究样本，并将其按是否同时变更会计师事务所分为内部轮换和外部轮换两类，使用调整后的截面Jones模型估计的操纵性应计利润绝对值计量盈余质量，并将其作为审计质量的衡量指标，对定期轮换与审计质量之间的关系进行了实证检验以分析定期轮换制度的实施对审计质量的影响。

The income statement discloses revenues, expenses and net income on the accrual basis.

损益表是按照应计基础的要求来列报收入、费用和净收益的。

While integral view regards every interim as part of annual accounting period, an integral part of the entire accounting year, but not as discrete accounting period; accounting estimate, cost distribution and treatments of various deferrals and accrued items applied in interim financial report shall take into account cost and expenses to be incurred in the whole year, which shall be distributed to various interims based on annual estimated activity level.

国际会计准则和我国会计准则基本采用的是&独立观&。&一体观&是将每一中期视为年度会计期间的有机组成部分，是会计年度整体不可分割的一部分，而不是独立的会计期间，中期财务报告中应用的会计估计、成本分配、各递延和应计项目的处理必须考虑到全年将要发生的成本和费用，需要以年度预计活动水平为基础分配至各个中期。

In this paper, the surplus projections and the basic theory of asymmetric information were also discussed, on the basis of this analysis focused on the impact of earnings forecasts and information symmetry of factors: including the impact on earnings forecast accuracy of factors, the management earnings forecast information disclosure and the wishes of the company The judgement of accruals manipulation.

本文首先对盈余预测和信息对称的基本理论进行了阐述，在此基础上重点分析了影响盈余预测和信息对称的因素：包括影响盈余预测准确性的因素，管理当局盈余预测信息披露的意愿和公司对裁决性应计项目的操纵。

On closer examination, though, this is not a vote for multilateralism but just the opposite.

仔细审视后我们发现，这并非是对多边主义投出的赞成票，而是恰好相反。

Uncovering their weak spots, so I can defeat them.

揭露出他们的弱点，这样我就可以打败他们了。