市民法

But it may be laid down as a general proposition, that the principal qualities of Roman property were incommunicable except through processes which were supposed to be coeval with the origin of the Civil Law.

但我们可以作出这样一个一般性的命题，即罗马财产的主要性质，除非通过假定为和"市民法"同源的各种程序以外，是不能传授的。

Accordingly the standard of legal philosophy has experienced such states as religious deism, national power, and rights.

法的存在形态经历了神法、宗教法、国家法、市民法、以及现在的宪政状态等，法哲学本位理论也经历了宗教神、国家权力、权利等形态。

The point for recollection is that there must anciently have been a time at which the rules of the Civil Law determined the scheme of Intestate Succession exclusively, and at which the arrangements of the Edict were non-existent, or not consistently carried out.

有一点必须注意，在古代一定有这样一个时期，当时"无遗嘱继承"的顺序完全由"市民法"决定，"告令"的安排是完全不存在的，或是不一贯地执行的。

It is to be remarked, however, that the act does not draw to itself the Obligation in consequence of any moral necessity,. it is the law which annexes it in the plenitude of its power, a point the more necessary to be noted, because a different doctrine has sometimes been propounded by modern interpreters of the Civil Law who had moral or metaphysical theories of their own to support.

应予注意的是，行为并不是由于任何道德上的必要而使它自己负上"债"的；这是由法律根据其充沛的权力而附加上去的，这是非常有必要加以注意的一点，因为"市民法"的现代解释者有时提出了一个不同的学理，并以他们自己道德的或形而上学的理论来作为支持。

Q. Mucius Scaevola, the Pontifex, is said to have published a manual of the entire Civil Law, and there are traces in the writings of Cicero of growing disrelish for the old methods, as compared with the more active instruments of legal innovation.

Mucius Scevola）的"教长"公布过一本包括全部"市民法"的手册，在西塞罗的著作中，也显示出对于旧方法日益不满的迹象，所谓旧方法是指与法律改革这个更活泼的手段比较而言的。

The part of the law "which natural reason appoints for all mankind" was the element which the Edict of the Praetor was supposed to have worked into Roman jurisprudence.

像我在前面已经说过的，他们拒绝用纯粹的罗马"市民法"来判决新的案件。

Between these three orders, the Praetor interpolates various classes of relatives, of whom the Civil Law took no notice whatever.

在这三种顺序中间，"裁判官"添加了各类的亲族，这些亲族是"市民法"所完全不管的。

In some senses, the praetor's activities, especially the equitable activity they did to the original Roman civil law had paved the way for its revival and world influence

从某种程度而言，裁判官的活动尤其是对旧有市民法的衡平，为罗马法日后的复兴及其世界性影响奠定了基础。

After doing this, this chapter, by the interpretation of the technical separation of occupation and ownership, and the legal nature of traditio, historically explains the dual structure in the transition from jus civile to jus gentium and the cause of the relativity of the absolute ownership, which is factually caused by the lack of the Principle of Publication in the Roman Law.

尤其是通过占有和所有在法律技术上的分离以及对&交付&法律性质的阐释，解释了在市民法向万民法过渡时期出现的所有权二元结构以及绝对性所有权的相对化的原因，指出罗马法物权公示制度的缺乏正是其绝对性所有权相对化的真正原因。

There did come a time, when from an ignoble appendage of the Jus Civile, the Jus Gentium came to be considered a great though as yet imperfectly developed model to which all law ought as far as possible to conform.

过去确实有过这样一个时期，把这仅仅是&市民法&的一个卑贱附属物的&万民法&认作为一切法律所应该尽可能依从的一个伟大的、虽然还没有完全发展的模范。

Objective: To study the effect of polycythemia on blood oxygen saturation.

裴蕾目的：观察RBC剧增而引起的高粘血症对血氧饱和度的影响。

Based on SIMPLER algorithm in the curvilinear body-fitted coordinates, the calculations were performed for Pr=0.7, Re=10~1000 on non-orthogonal non-staggered grids which are generated by elliptic equation systems.

采用曲线坐标系下压力与速度耦合的SIMPLER算法，数值研究了周期性渐扩渐缩波纹通道内脉动流动与换热情况，流动Re数的范围为10~1000，Pr数为0.7。