屈服强度

FIGS. 1 and 2 show the influence of billet temperature and time on ultimate tensile strength and tensile yield strength.

图1和2示出了坯料温度和时间对极限拉伸强度和拉伸屈服强度的影响。

The main results of the investigation are as following:(1) Some important criteria for the design of multi-layer structure are acquired: the ratio of the layer thickness to the contact diameter should be controlled to a value about 0.8; increasing the number of the gradient layers and elasticity modulus of the top layer would benefit to the yield strength and the stress status at the interface.（2）By means of molecular dynamics simulations for a indentation and sliding process, it is discovered that dislocations of 45 direction to the surface occur in the surfaces layer, which is correspond to the direction of the plastic flows observed in the macroscopic continuous medium. The irreversible deformation caused by the dislocation and the atom piles at the surface are responsible for the irreversibility of the force response. They are also the main factors for the friction generation. The temperature and the indentation velocity have significant effects on the deformation behaviors of the material of the surface layer. The yield strength would increase obviously if the indentation velocity is greater than 10 m/s.（3）A method to evaluate the fracture toughness of coating by estimating the crack-density functionβof a Wicker''s indentation was proposed. Meanwhile a new surface treatment technology was developed using non-equilibrium plasma.（4）A MD-FE hybrid method and corresponding software was developed to analysis the tribological behaviors for multiplayer system.

研究主要内容和结果有：（1）得到指导梯度膜设计的几个准则：控制膜层厚度与接触半径比在0.8左右为宜；适当增加梯度层层数和顶层弹性模量，有利于提高抗屈服能力和改善界面处的应力状态；（2）通过对嵌入和滑动摩擦过程的分子动力学模拟，发现表层产生一个与宏观连续介质的塑性流动方向观测一致的45 方向位错；位错造成的不可逆变形和表面的原子堆积，是力的响应不可逆性的原因，也是构成摩擦力的主要因素；温度和嵌入速度对材料变形特性有显著的影响，当嵌入速度大于10 m/s时，屈服强度明显增加；（3）提出压痕裂纹密度系数β半定量判定膜层断裂韧性的方法；并开发出表面强化新工艺；（4）开发出分析表面摩擦学特性的MD-FE复合模拟方法和相应模拟软件。

Torsional yield strength roughly corresponds to the yield strength in shear.

扭转屈服强度大致相当于剪切屈服应力。

For this reason, the generic term yield stress is used, and it can mean either yield point or yield strength.

基于这个原因，一般是用名词产生压力，可以说是屈服点或屈服强度。

This paper makes the optimum autofrettage analysis of thick-walled cylinder of the material with different yield strength in tension and compression base on the Mohr's yield criterion.

本文运用莫尔屈服准则对承受内压的拉压屈服强度不同材料的厚壁圆筒进行了自增强分析，得到了依赖于材料拉压比的厚壁圆筒的最佳弹塑性界面半径、最佳自增强内压。

The autofrettage analysis of high-pressure vessel of linear strength material with different yield strength in tension and compression based on the Mohr's yield criterion is dealt with.

运用莫尔屈服准则，对承受内压的拉压屈服强度不同的线性强化材料高压容器进行了自增强分析，得到了依赖于材料拉压比和强化模量的筒壁弹性区与塑性区中的应力、残余应力及合成应力的分布。

The material properties (ultimate yield strength, tensile yield strength, Kapp) and major performance attributes (fatigue crack growth, fracture toughness, static strength) of alloy 2199 wide-sheet and plate products also have contributed to their increased use.

2199合金宽板和金属板的物料性质（包括最终抗屈强度和抗拉屈服强度）和主要性能（包括疲劳裂缝增长，断裂韧度和静力强度）增强了产品耐用度。

The results show that BS 460MPa grade reinforced bar can be produced all from Q235 or 20MnSi billet by the remained heat treatment process but the production cost of the former is lower. When the water pressure minishes, the intensities of reinforced bar reduce; the higher the temperature at the entrance of cooling bed is, the lower the intensities are. Therefore, the commendatory process parameters are that five stages coolers should be opened, water pressure should be all 1.8～2.0MPa and the temperature at the entrance of cooling bed of Q235 reinforced bar should lower than 650℃. The typical microstructure(Q235): the surface layer is tempered sorbite; the transition layer is pearlite and ferrite, and the partial ferrite is acicular; the core is pearlite and ferrite and the grain fineness is 8～10 grade. The yield strength is reduced by 10～20MPa after natural ageing and it can be simulated by artificial ageing(100℃×2h or 200℃×1h).

结果表明，Q235和20MnSi钢都可以利用余热处理工艺生产出性能合格的钢筋，但前者的生产成本较低；水压减小，钢筋强度降低，上冷床温度越高，强度越低，推荐5段水冷器全开，水压均为1.8～2.0MPa，Q235钢筋的上冷床温度应控制在650℃以下；钢筋典型的金相组织（Q235）表层为回火索氏体，过渡层为珠光体+铁素体且部分铁素体呈针状，心部为珠光体+铁素体，晶粒度8～10级；自然时效后屈服强度下降10～20MPa，用人工时效可以模拟自然时效，工艺是100℃×2h或200℃×1h。

In order to evaluate measuring uncertainty of tensile testing result of metallic material, the mathematic model of calculating uncertainty is established and different factors of influencing testing result are determined taking rectangle head shorter proportional sample of 18mm Q235B plate as example.

为评定金属材料拉伸试验的结果测量不确定度，以轧制厚度为 18mm的Q2 3 5B板材矩形带头短比例试样为例，建立了不确定度计算的数学模型，确定了影响试验结果的下屈服力FSL、最大力Fm、试样原始厚度a及试样原始宽度b等各项因素，计算出了各种因素的标准不确定度，得出拉伸试验结果的扩展不确定度，并给出最终测量结果的表达式：下屈服强度ReL、抗拉强度Rm的最终测量结果分别为(3 0 5± 5 )MPa和(4 3 5± 10 )MPa。

The test results show:(1) Under the action of the EL-centro seismic wave the yield sequence of the structures is the root of shearing wall - end of beams - root of columns, while the shearing wall functions as bearing of the most of anti-seismic action of the structures.

试验结果表明：(1)在EL -centro地震波作用下，结构的屈服顺序为：剪力墙根部—梁的端部—柱的根部，且结构的大部分抗震作用将由剪力墙承担，因此剪力墙的屈服强度对结构的承载能力和变形影响很大。

What are your goals and strategies for growth?

你的成长目标和策略是什么？

And unto the angel of the church in Sardis write; These things saith he that hath the seven irits of God, and the seven star I know thy works, that thou hast a name that thou livest, and art dead.

3：1 你要写信给撒狄教会的使者，说，那有神的七灵和七星的，说，我知道你的行为，按名你是活的，其实是死的。